1.1 Dimension Changing The Metropolis-Hastings-Green algorithm (as opposed to just MetropolisHastings with no Green) is useful for simulating probability distributions that are a mixture of distributions having supports of different dimension. An early example (predating Green’s general formulation) was an MCMC algorithm for simulating spatial point processes (Geyer and Møller, 1994). More wide...

Urban green spaces provide an array of benefits, or ecosystem services, that support our physical, psychological, and social health. In many cases, however, these benefits are not equitably distributed across diverse urban populations. In this paper, we explore relationships between cultural ecosystem services provided by urban green space and the social determinants of health outlined in the U...

We propose the metric notion of strong hyperbolicity as a way of obtaining hyperbolicity with sharp additional properties. Specifically, strongly hyperbolic spaces are Gromov hyperbolic spaces that are metrically well-behaved at infinity, and, under weak geodesic assumptions, they are strongly bolic as well. We show that CAT(−1) spaces are strongly hyperbolic. On the way, we determine the best ...

This paper introduces a practical approach to constructing a hybrid 3D metrical–topological model of a university campus or other extended urban region from labeled 2D floor plan geometry. An exhaustive classification of adjacency types is provided for a typical infrastructure, including roads, walkways, green-space, and detailed indoor spaces. We extend traditional lineal techniques to 2D open...

Digital watermarking is the field of digital image processing which deals with hiding information in a digital content. In this paper, performance analysis of DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) based digital image watermarking using color spaces is done. Mostly, images that are taken for digital watermarking experiments are in RGB (Red, Green and Blue) color space. Eight different color spaces are...

water supply of green spaces in arid areas is a major challenge. a high percentage of green spacescreate lawns, which are high water consumer landscapes. due to the environmental, recreational andathletic values of lawns, they are considered as non-removable elements in urban green space development.this paper reviews and discusses strategies for efficient water usage in lawn areas using librar...

A knowledge of the characteristics urban green spaces (UGSs) such as their abundance, spatial distribution and species composition, has an important role in a range fields geography, planning public health. Remote sensing technologies have made great contributions to analysis UGSs. However, comprehensive review current status, challenges potential this area is lacking. In paper, we scrutinize m...

Quasi-Borel spaces are a new mathematical structure that supports higher-order probability theory, first-order iteration, and modular semantic validation of Bayesian inference algorithms with continuous distributions. Like a measurable space, a quasi-Borel space is a set with extra structure suitable for defining probability and measure distributions. But unlikemeasurable spaces, quasi-Borel sp...

Fast and unplanned city growth, has effects such as isolation of village societies, threatening urbancores and centers and small and weak societies, destruction of open spaces and open and natural regions. Smart growthoffers a sustainable way for urban developing with appropriate use of available sources, increase of urban services,developing neighborhoods with different uses, making public tra...