Les ruptures plus ou moins grandes dont il sera question sont la distance, grande, entre l’explicite et l’implicite.1. Présupposés. Caractéristiques fondamentales de présupposition : (a) les formes présupposantes des langue (et non du discours, contrairement aux sous-entendus) s’agit lexicales, syntaxiques prosodiques ; (b) elles servent support à l’information connue (connue destinataire) prés...

Grice characterized communication in terms of the cooperative principle, which enjoins speakers to make only contributions that serve the evolving conversational goals. We show that the cooperative principle and the associated maxims of relevance, quality, and quantity emerge from multi-agent decision theory. We utilize the Decentralized Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (Dec-POMDP) ...

As a post-Gricean pragmatic theory, Relevance Theory (RT) takes as its starting point the question of how hearers bridge the gap between sentence meaning and speaker meaning. That there is such a gap has been a given of linguistic philosophy since Grice’s (1967) Logic and Conversation. But the account that relevance theory offers of how this gap is bridged, although originating as a development...

Pes valgus is a pathological condition which occurs in up to 25% of patients with cerebral palsy. Its correction in early age is essential to prevent progression of the deformity and to optimize the patient's function. In younger patients arthroereisis can be considered as a treatment that fills the void between orthotics and arthrodesis. We treated 15 patients (27 feet) with intra- or extra-si...

A central challenge for all theories of conversational implicature (Grice, 1957, 1975) is characterizing the fundamental tension between Quantity (Q) implicature, in which utterance meaning is refined through exclusion of the meanings of alternative utterances, and Informativeness (I ) implicature, in which utterance meaning is refined by strengthening to the prototypical case (Atlas & Levinson...

Naturally, humans seek physical and psychological joy. Romance, for instance, is one of the means. People are making quick use of the Internet technology to facilitate their seeking of romantic and quasiromantic experience via “virtual reality.” In this paper we concern ourselves mainly with meaning generation and interpretation in the virtual world. With analysis of a reported case of online d...

Research on sequences of outcomes shows that people care about features of an experience, such as improvement or deterioration over time, and peak and end levels, which the discounted utility model (DU) assumes they do not care about. In contrast to the finding that some attributes are weighted more than DU predicts, Kahneman and coauthors have proposed that there is one feature of sequences th...

1. Context, Semantics, and Pragmatics The linguistic subfields of semantics and pragmatics are both concerned with the study of meaning. We might say that semantics studies what Grice (1967) called the TIMELESS MEANING of a linguistic expression φ —the basic meanings of the words in φ composed as a function of the syntactic structure of φ. Formal semantics, especially since the seminal work of ...

All writers produce text content and ideally connect it together according to discourse conventions. We investigate whether a particularly strong discourse convention, the need for causal coherence in narratives, can predict the kind of text writers will produce. Causality has been found to be a significant discourse factor in reading comprehension and hence can be expected to determine also wh...

Every language may have some entities which may not be owned by another language. The uniqueness of a language is strongly influenced by the culture of its native speakers. Therefore, languages vary cross-culturally. I strongly believe that the way the Javanese people (one of the Indonesian ethnic groups) express politeness is also influenced by the Javanese culture. This article tries to exami...