Aset of simulations were used to estimate the impact of improvements in cattle breeding efficiency and other management factors on gross margins in extensive pastoral systems in Western Australia. The output from the simulations was integrated into a statistical model of gross margin as a function of breeding and management variables. The simulations showed that gross margin was an increasing f...

Among the models that the Congressional Budget Office uses to analyze the economic effects of changes in federal fiscal policy is a life-cycle growth model with overlapping generations of heterogeneous households. In this paper, we extend a similar dynamic model by incorporating a population that ages in a manner consistent with projections for the United States. Under that extension, gross dom...

Estimates are made, from time series data on real gross domestic products, of the standard deoiation of returns in markets for perpetual claims on countries’ incomes. The results indicate that there is much fundamental uncertainty to be hedged. Evidence is shmun that there may be only minimal ability to cross hedge these returns in existing capital markets. Methods of establishing markets fm pe...

Abstract Wages and salaries represent the most important component of household disposable income. The aim article is to examine how relationship between shares households’ wages final consumption expenditure in their gross income has developed over past 20 years. presented analysis uses publicly available national accounts data for 30 countries period 2000–2019. studied indicators include prop...

An important step in farm planning is the development of a gross margin budget. A gross margin is calculated from a crop's gross income less the variable costs incurred in growing and marketing that crop. The gross margin indicates the potential financial gain or loss of the crop being produced. Gross margins are usually expressed in units related to resources such as land, labour or irrigation...

As a major source of income for retired persons in the United States, Social Security benefits directly influence economic well-being. That fact underscores the importance of measuring Social Security income accurately in household surveys. Using Social Security Administration (SSA) records, we examine Social Security income as reported in two Census Bureau surveys, the Survey of Income and Pro...

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OBJECTIVES The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery estimated that low/middle-income countries will lose an estimated cumulative loss of US$12.3 trillion from gross domestic product (GDP) due to the unmet burden of surgical disease. However, no country-specific data currently exist. We aimed to estimate the costs to the Sierra Leone economy from death and disability which may have been averted b...