During its development years, geophysical survey has served field archaeology by defining possible sites underground, prior to excavation or preservation. Now we can see the art taking off as a research method in its own right. After summarising some recent research applications of magnetic mapping, the author gives us three case studies from USA and Jordan, where groundpenetrating radar (GPR) ...

High-resolution tomographic images obtained from crosshole geophysical measurements have the potential to provide valuable information about the geostatistical properties of unsaturated-zone hydrologic-state variables such as moisture content. Under drained or quasi-steady-state conditions, the moisture content will reflect the variation of the physical properties of the subsurface, which deter...

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a non-destructive geophysical method that uses electromagnetic waves to image the subsurface. A typical GPR system has three main components: transmitter and receiver, directly connected to the transmitting and receiving antennas, and a control unit. Electromagnetic pulses are transmitted into the subsurface and the earth response is recorded. The GPR method is...

This paper proposes two different calibration techniques for Geostationary Synthetic Aperture Radar (GEOSAR) missions requiring a high precision positioning, based on Active Radar Calibrators and Ground Based Interferometry. The research is enclosed in the preparation studies of a future GEOSAR mission providing continuous monitoring at continental scale.

The aim of the paper is to design a digital BPSK modulator for Ground Penetrating Radar applications. . The BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) is one of the three basic binary modulation techniques. It has as a result only two phases of the carrier, at the same frequency, but separated by 180o. In this paper we took modulation as a main stream and analyzed about BPSK modulation technique on Xilin...

Without motion compensation, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images of the ground are generally blurred. In 1997, MITRE reported the development technique called the Keystone Process for removing the range migration caused by the radial velocity component of each pixel’s movement within the scene, whether moving or stationary with respect to the ground. When applied to multiple phase center phas...

This study examines differences in the normalized radar cross section, derived from ground-based versus spaceborne radar data. A simple homogeneous half-space model, indicates that agreement between the two improves as 1) the distance from the scatterer is increased; and/or 2) the extinction coefficient increases.

Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) contain both regions of convective and stratiform precipitation, and a bright band (BB) is often found in the stratiform region. Inflated reflectivity intensities in the BB often cause positive biases in radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE). A vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) correction is necessary to reduce such biases. However, existing ...