The development of pest resistance threatens the effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins used in transgenic and organic farming. Here, we demonstrate that (i) the major mechanism for Bt toxin resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans entails a loss of glycolipid carbohydrates; (ii) Bt toxin directly and specifically binds glycolipids; and (iii) this binding is carbohydrate-dependent and ...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the variety of plasma contents of membrane glycolipids in 65 gastrointestinal tumors and 31 transplant hepatomas in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS The experimental model was a transplantable murine hepatoma. Experimental mice were divided into 3 groups. RESULTS The LSA and TSA content in the 2 groups were significantly difference (p<0.01), and wer...

Homogeneous large (5--30 micrometer) lipid particles comparable in size and shape to blood cells can be obtained when excess of cholesterol is homogenized with egg phospholipids or brain glycolipids in a Dounce apparatus. The particles contain distinct structures of membranes and lipid cores as visualized by the included fluorescence markers. When these particles were used as models in studying...

Functional analysis of glycolipids has been hampered by their complex nature and combinatorial expression in cells and tissues. We report an efficient and easy method to generate cells with specific glycolipids. In our proof of principle experiments we have demonstrated the customized expression of two relevant glycosphingolipids on murine fibroblasts, stage-specific embryonic antigen 3 (SSEA-3...

Glycolipids are the hybrid molecules constructing with hydrophilic carbohydrate and hydrophobic chains , and show the unique physicochemical properties and bioactivities . Their carbohydrate moieties are characteristically altered in relation to cellular proliferation , differentiation and transformation, and recently , the glycolipid associated with cellular differentiation is clarified to car...

The combination of carbohydrate and lipid generates unusual molecules in which the two distinctive halves of the glycoconjugate influence the function of each other. Membrane glycolipids can act as primary receptors for carbohydrate binding proteins to mediate transmembrane signaling despite restriction to the outer bilayer leaflet. The extensive heterogeneity of the lipid moiety plays a signif...

Mycoplasma capricolum was grown with and without DGDG containing cholesterol on Edwards modified media. Total lipids were extracted with chloroform: methanol (2:1). Membrane protein and phospholipids were determined by Lowery and Chen methods respectively. Total lipids were separated on TLC and glycolipids were located with iodine while diphenylamine and orcinol test was performed for lipid sug...

Marine macroalgae, or seaweeds, are a formidable source of natural compounds with diverse biological activities. In the last five decades it has been estimated that more than 3000 natural compounds were discovered from these organisms. The great majority of the published works have focused on terpenoids. In comparison, glycolipids are a neglected class of macroalgal secondary metabolites theref...

Glycolipids have become an ecofriendly alternative to chemically obtained surfactants, mainly for the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries. However, sustainable production of these compounds is still challenging, because: (i) water a recognized inhibitor, (ii) multiphases make use cosolvent reaction medium necessary, (iii) there are difficulties in finding source both starting material...

Glycolipids are a class of biodegradable biosurfactants that non-toxic and based on renewables, making them sustainable alternative to petrochemical surfactants. Enzymatic synthesis allows tailor-made production these versatile compounds using sugar fatty acid building blocks with rationalized structures for targeted applications. Therefore, glycolipids can be comprehensively designed outcompet...