The relevance of the study is due to crisis modern pension insurance systems and need change paradigm legislation development. purpose identify features formation on in several countries (France, Great Britain, Russia) at initial stage development (before 1914). novelty expressed both formulation problem research methodology (the choice period research, justification for use methods: dialectics...

Approximately 10% of vascular plants are epiphytes and, even though this has long been ignored in past research, able to interact with a variety fungi, including mycorrhizal taxa. However, the structure fungal communities on bark, as well their relationship epiphytic plants, is largely unknown. To fill gap, we conducted environmental metabarcoding ITS-2 region understand spatial bark tropical t...

Mercury methylation and demethylation rates were measured in periphyton biofilms growing on submerged plants from a shallow fluvial lake located along the St. Lawrence River (Quebec, Canada). Incubations were performed in situ within macrophytes beds using low-level spikes of (199)HgO and Me(200)Hg stable isotopes as tracers. To determine which microbial guilds are playing a role in these proce...

Deforestation causes habitat loss, fragmentation, degradation, and can ultimately cause extinction of the remnant species. Tropical montane birds face these threats with the added natural vulnerability of narrower elevational ranges and higher specialization than lowland species. Recent studies assess the impact of present and future global climate change on species' ranges, but only a few of t...

The hypothesis of ecological and morphological convergence of the taxonomically distinct intertidal fish assemblages from central California, USA, and central Chile was tested by comparing the feeding guild structures and the morphologies associated with food capture and processing of guild members from each region. We determined the diets of the most abundant intertidal fishes from 3 central C...

Data collected from an annual groundf ish survey of the eastern Bering Sea shelf from 1975 to 2002 were used to estimate biomass and biodiversity indexes for two fish guilds: f latfish and roundfish. Biomass estimates indicated that several species of f latfish (particularly rock sole, arrowtooth f lounder, and f lathead sole), several large sculpins (Myoxocephalus spp.), bigmouth (Hemitripteru...