The Tac protein plays a role in high- and low-affinity interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptors. A mutational survey of this molecule identified several small segments in which the binding of IL-2 was particularly sensitive to amino acid substitutions. Two of the segments (residues 1-6 and 35-43) located in the exon 2-encoded region of the molecule overlapped the apparent binding sites of three monoclona...

This paper investigates the responsiveness of household portfolios to tax incentives by exploiting a substantial tax reform that altered after-tax returns and cost of debt for a large number of households. An extraordinary panel data set that covers two years before and after the reform is used for the analysis. Our empirical findings suggest that households reshuffle their balance sheets in th...

This paper presents series on top shares of income and wealth in Spain using personal income and wealth tax return statistics. Top income shares are highest in the 1930s, fall sharply during the first decade of the Franco dictatorship, then remain stable and low till the 1980s, and have increased since the mid 1990s. The top 0.01% income share in Spain estimated from income tax data is comparab...

Using the Mirrlees optimal income tax model, with no income e¤ects on labour supply, this article shows that the discrete population approach provides new insights into the characterization of the optimal tax system, which complements the previous …ndings. The analysis is based on the "Spence-Mirrlees wedge" which corresponds, at each observed gross income level, to a ratio between the marginal...

Welfare, Labor Supply and Heterogeneous Preferences: Evidence for Europe and the US Following the report of the Stiglitz Commission, measuring and comparing well-being across countries has gained renewed interest. Yet, analyses that go beyond income and incorporate non-market dimensions of welfare most often rely on the assumption of identical preferences to avoid the difficulties related to in...

24 Recent advances in molecular techniques have allowed gene expression in euryhaline 25 animals to be quantified during salinity transfers. As these investigations transition from 26 studying single genes to utilizing genomics-based methodologies, it is an appropriate time to 27 summarize single gene studies. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed on 59 published 28 studies that used quantit...

Relational Contracts, Taxation and the Household This paper applies the theory of relational contracts to make precise the idea that because households are engaged in a repeated non-cooperative game, Pareto efficient outcomes can be supported by self interest, given the specific pattern of specialisation and exchange which exists in the household. The household’s choice of a particular solution...

Epitope prediction is becoming a key tool for vaccine discovery. Prospective analysis of bacterial and viral genomes can identify antigenic epitopes encoded within individual genes that may act as effective vaccines against specific pathogens. Since B-cell epitope prediction remains unreliable, we concentrate on T-cell epitopes, peptides which bind with high affinity to Major Histacompatibility...

We examine the relative merits of targeting children within the household through price subsidies and cash transfers. To do so, we model the behavior of a household composed of one adult and one child. We then show that ‘favorable’distortions from price subsidies may allow redistributing toward the child and then derive the conditions under which this redistributive scheme is more e¢ cient than...

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli 536 (O6:K15:H31) carries two unstable DNA regions, which were shown to be responsible for virulence. These regions, on which the genes for hemolysin production (hly) and P-related fimbriae (prf) are located, are termed pathogenicity islands (PAI) I and II, and were mapped to positions 82 and 97, respectively, on the E. coli K-12 linkage map. Sequence analysis of t...