Abstract In the original Predicted Particle Properties (P3) bulk microphysics scheme, all ice-phase hydrometeors are represented by one or more “free” ice categories, where physical properties evolve smoothly through changes to four prognostic variables (per category), and with a two-moment representation of particle size distribution. As such, spectral dispersion cannot independently, which th...

The effects of crystal (transparent) and black nets on the protection of fruits from hail, the interception of light, temperature, humidity and fruit quality were evaluated over four seasons (from 2000 to 2003) at the IRTA-Experimental Station, Lleida (NE-Spain) on ‘Mondial Gala’ apples (Malus x domestica Borkh.). Nets demonstrated their effi ciency for fruit protection against hail; decreased ...