OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic value of the Inlet-to-outlet median nerve area ratio (IOR) in patients with clinically and electrophysiologically confirmed carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). METHODS Forty-six wrists in 46 consecutive patients with clinical and electrodiagnostic evidence of CTS and forty-four wrists in 44 healthy volunteers were examined with ultrasonography. The cross-section...

To the best of our knowledge, only 3 cases, including the present case, have been reported with a three part broken pattern. However, this is the first case associated with a distal locking screw broken. We report the case of a 31-year-old patient who sustained an open femoral shaft fracture . The fracture was stabilized with a Kuntcher femoral nail. After 7 months of the initial surgery he pre...

Our group has developed a series of iron-based asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) catalysts for the reduction of polar double bonds. The activation of the precatalysts as well as the catalytic mechanism have been thoroughly investigated, but the decomposition pathways of these systems are poorly understood. Herein, we report a study of the deactivation pathways for an iron ATH catalyst und...

Fluctuations in population size are in many cases undesirable, as they can induce outbreaks and extinctions or impede the optimal management of populations. We propose the strategy of adaptive threshold harvesting (ATH) to control fluctuations in population size. In this strategy, the population is harvested whenever population size has grown beyond a certain proportion in comparison to the pre...

The bacterial flagellar hook acts as a universal joint to smoothly transmit torque produced by the motor to the filament. The hook protein FlgE assembles into a 55 nm tubular structure with the help of the hook cap (FlgD). FlgE consists of four domains, D0, Dc, D1 and D2, arranged from the inner to the outer part of the tubular structure of the hook. The Dc domain contributes to the structural ...

The formation of the apical hook in dicotyledonous seedlings is believed to be effected by gravity in the dark. However, this notion is mostly based on experiments with the hook formed on the hypocotyl, and no detailed studies are available with the developmental manners of the hook, particularly of the epicotyl hook. The present study aims at clarifying the dynamics of hook formation including...

We present the case of a 48-year-old woman with hypothenar hammer syndrome. Hypothenar hammer syndrome is caused by chronic repetitive trauma to the ulnar artery and superficial palmar arch. This syndrome was originally described in males working in occupations that involved repetitive blunt trauma including working with jackhammers. It is believed that the ulnar artery is repetitively damaged ...

The Drosophila hook gene encodes a novel component of the endocytic compartment. Previously identified hook alleles, which still expressed truncated Hook proteins, affected the accumulation of internalized transmembrane ligands into multivesicular bodies (MVBs). To determine the hook null phenotype, we isolated nine new hook alleles on the basis of their characteristic hooked-bristle phenotype....

The flagellar hook of Salmonella is a filamentous polymer made up of subunits of the protein FlgE. Hook assembly is terminated when the length reaches about 55 nm. After our recent study of the effect of cellular levels of the hook length control protein FliK, we have now analyzed the effect of cellular levels of FlgE itself. When FlgE was overproduced in a wild-type strain, a fliC (flagellin) ...