Purpose – A picture is worth a thousand words. Multimedia teaching materials have been widely adopted by teachers in Physics, Biotechnology, Psychology, Religion, Analytical Science, and Economics nowadays. To assist with engaging students in their economic study, increase learning efficiency and understanding, solve misconception problems, encourage in class discussion, and increase final perf...

Stretch-A-Sketch is a pen-based drawing program that combines recognition of hand-drawn glyphs with constraint based maintenance of spatial relations. The recognition program identifies hand drawn glyphs, spatial relations between them, and higher-level configurations, such as graph and tree diagrams and floorplan bubble diagrams. Stretch-A-Sketch then maintains the essential relations in these...

Image processing techniques are used to detect the edges of a hand-drawn sketch. Generally, various types of gradation are expressed in the background of a hand-drawn sketch. Therefore, the original image is transformed into a logarithmic image. The entire image has to be binarized for edge detection. To smooth the edge of the binary image, feature based erosion and dilation is applied. A Lapla...

In this paper, a novel input device based on 3D dynamic handdrawn gestures is presented. It makes use of inertial sensor and pattern recognition technique. Fuzzy ARTMAP based recognizer is adopted to realize gesture recognition by using 3axis acceleration signals directly instead of reproduced trajectories of gestures. The proposed method may relax motion constraints during inputting a gesture,...

Pen-based computer interaction is becoming increasingly ubiquitous as evidenced by the growing interest in Tablet PC’s, electronic whiteboards and PDA’s. Many of these devices now come equipped with robust hand-writing recognizers. However, a problem that remains largely unsolved is the recognition of graphical input such as schematic sketches and diagrams. When faced with such input, these dev...

This thesis examines the use of positive and negative training data. on a nearestneighbour classifier for hand-drawn geometnc shapes. to improve reliability. A reliiible classifier must feature the ability to reject miss-segrnented and unknown shapes (ie. negative symbols). A recognition system's performance hinges on the performance and reliability of its classifier. In diagram recojnition, wh...

We describe RankFrag: a technique which uses machine learning to detect corner points in hand-drawn digital curves. RankFrag classifies the stroke points by iteratively extracting them from a list of corner candidates. The points extracted in the last iterations are said to have a higher rank and are more likely to be corners. The technique has been tested on three different datasets described ...

In recent years, image databases are growing at exponential rates, making their management, indexing, and retrieval, very challenging. Typical image retrieval systems rely on sample images as queries. However, in the absence of sample query images, hand-drawn sketches are also used. The recent adoption of touch screen input devices makes it very convenient to quickly draw shaded sketches of obj...

In the document analysis field, the recognition of handwriting symbols is a difficult task because of the distortions due to hand drawings and the different writer styles. In this paper, we propose the Blurred Shape Model to describe handwritten symbols, and the use of Adaboost in an Error Correcting Codes framework to deal with multi-class categorization handwriting problems. It is a robust ap...

With the adoption of tablet-based data entry devices, there is considerable interest in methods for converting hand-drawn sketches of flow charts, graphs and block diagram into accurate machine interpretations, a conversion process with many applications in engineering, presentations, and simulations. However, the recognition of hand-drawn graphics is a great challenge due to the visual similar...