Philosophical inquiries into morality are as old as philosophy, but it may turn out that morality itself is much, much older than that. At least, that is the main thesis of primatologist Frans De Waal, who in this short book based on his Tanner Lectures at Princeton, elaborates on what biologists have been hinting at since Darwin’s (1871) book The Descent of Man and Hamilton’s (1963) studies on...

INTRODUCTION The World Wide Web (WWW) continues to enjoy phenomenal growth with the promise of facilitating a digital society. Technology continues to evolve, allowing an increasingly peripatetic society to remain “connected” without any reliance upon wires. As a consequence, mobile computing is a growth area and the focus of much energy. Mobile computing heralds exciting new applications and s...

In the past twenty years the Internet has grown, from text -entry green-screen communication between the military, a few universities and res earchers, to a visually-based mass communication and advertising medium and even a tool for political activists. This growth has been ad hoc, spectacular and peripatetic. The advent of the GUI into mainstream computing was the point at which the Internet ...

Thinkers and philosophers have constantly benefited from different         approaches of reasoning to explore and justify their ideas. Theses reasoning            approaches are considered as the principle instruments in speculative activities of the thinkers. To this end to achieve the procedure of thinking and the way philosophers achieve objectives, it is necessary to recognize their reasoni...

Frege, and others who followed him, stressed the role of fallibility as a means to defining ‘objectivity.’ By defining objective judgments as fallible, these philosophers contributed to the consolidation of a theory of objectivity which suggested interpreting epistemological, as well as other judgements, as being objective. An important philosophical implication of this theory lies in its discl...

the main sources of all natural light are the sun, the moon and the stars. in other words, the principle source of illumination is the light as mediated by atmosphere. according to some philosophers, spiritual or holy light includes not only material and quantified aspect, but being non-physical properties it treats as a spiritual connector between god and man. the light is the main part of exi...

I argue that zombies are inconceivable. More precisely, I argue that the conceivability-intuition that is used to demonstrate their possibility has been misconstrued. Thought experiments alleged to feature zombies founder on the fact that, on the one hand, they must involve ®rst-person imagining, and yet, on the other hand, cannot. Philosophers who take themselves to have imagined zombies have ...

Doubt could be expressed that a special section on late 19th century mathematics, or, more specifically, on Victorian mathematics, was an appropriate place for a lecture on 19th century logic. Most 19th century scholars would have been of the opinion that philosophers are responsible for research on logic. On the other hand, the history of late 19th century logic indicates clearly a very dynami...