FMN and flavodoxin, when reduced by the action of ferredoxin-TPN+ oxidoreductase, have been shown to cause both univalent and divalent reductions of oxygen. Superoxide radicals, so generated, were detected by their abilities to oxidize epinephrine to adrenochrome and to reduce cytochrome c. Superoxide dismutase inhibited these actions of the superoxide radical. The ratio of the univalent reduct...

The reaction of the bivalent rabbit antibody molecule with papain (1, 2) or pepsin (3) and a reducing agent results in the release of two univalent fragments. The evidence for univalence is provided by the capacity of the fragments of hydrolyzed antiprotein antibody to inhibit specifically the homologous precipitin reaction (2), and by direct measurements of the maximal number of moles of hapte...

The role of bivalence of antibody in its capacity to neutralize virus was studied with rabbit antibodies to the bacteriophage, phiX174. Univalent Fab or Fab' fragments of IgG isolated from antiviral antisera obtained early in the immunization schedule had virtually no activity compared to that of the intact IgG. When the antibodies were isolated from antisera of the same rabbits several months ...

The class SH consists of univalent, harmonic, and sense-preserving functions f in the unit disk, ∆, such that f = h + g where h(z) = z + ∑∞ 2 akz , g(z) = ∑∞ 1 bkz . Using a technique from Clunie and Sheil-Small, we construct a family of 1-slit mappings in SH by varying ω(z) = g ′(z)/f ′(z). As ω(z) changes, the tip of the slit slides along the negative real axis from the point 0 to −1. In doin...

We establish a close connection between a reversible programming language based on type isomorphisms and a formally presented univalent universe. The correspondence relates combinators witnessing type isomorphisms in the programming language to paths in the univalent universe; and combinator optimizations in the programming language to 2-paths in the univalent universe. The result suggests a si...