BACKGROUND The objective of external quality assessment is to evaluate clinical acceptability of laboratory results. It is desirable to evaluate intermethod harmonization and traceability to a reference system. METHODS Conventional matrix-modified processed materials are used in most programs, because they can be produced in large quantities, can have multiple abnormal analytes in the same vi...

OBJECTIVE To investigate how donors and government agencies responded to a proliferation of donors providing aid to Ghana's health sector between 1995 and 2012. METHODS We interviewed 39 key informants from donor agencies, central government and nongovernmental organizations in Accra. These respondents were purposively selected to provide local and international views from the three types of ...

The International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) was established in 1990. Since then, representatives of the regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical industries from Europe, Japan and the US have held discussions on issues about the technical requirements for safety, efficacy quality, and multidisciplinary areas. Th...

At the present time, there is considerable diversity in the dietary reference values and recommendations used across Europe, both in terms of terminology and guideline values. Harmonization of dietary reference values would be beneficial in simplifying nutritional policy, trade, and public understanding of diet and health issues. However, this is not a simple task because of the differences in ...

In the process of translation, cultural context original language and target acts on translator’s translation behavior in a dialogue manner, forming mechanism, including foreignization, domestication, harmonization. Foreignization, is strategy that uses culture as strong to cover weak culture. Domestication, takes It which submerged by Harmonization refers equal context, into account both langu...