Experiments done with single photons in the early 1990’s produced a surprising result: that single photons pass through a photonic tunnel barrier with a group velocity faster than the vacuum speed of light. This result has stimulated intense discussions related to causality, the speed of information transfer, the nature of barrier tunneling and the meaning of group velocity. The superluminality...

convexity theory and duality theory are important issues in math- ematical programming. within the framework of credibility theory, this paper rst introduces the concept of convex fuzzy variables and some basic criteria. furthermore, a convexity theorem for fuzzy chance constrained programming is proved by adding some convexity conditions on the objective and constraint functions. finally,...

in this paper the bagley-torvik equation as a prototype fractional differential equation with two derivatives is investigated by means of homotopy perturbation method. the results reveal that the present method is very effective and accurate.

Erasmo Recami Facoltà di Ingegneria, Università statale di Bergamo, Dalmine (BG), Italy; I.N.F.N.–Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy; and D.M.O./FEEC and C.C.S., State University at Campinas, Campinas, S.P., Brazil; e-mail: [email protected] and Giovanni Salesi I.N.F.N.–Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Facoltà di Ingegneria, Università statale di Bergamo, 24044–Dalmine (BG), Italy; e-ma...

In this paper, we study complex Wishart processes or the so-called Laguerre processes (Xt)t≥0. We are interested in the behaviour of the eigenvalue process; we derive some useful stochastic differential equations and compute both the infinitesimal generator and the semi-group. We also give absolute-continuity relations between different indices. Finally, we compute the density function of the s...

(compacta) and continuous mappings was founded by Shchepin [Sh]. He described some elementary properties of such functors and defined the notion of the normal functor which has become very fruitful. The classes of all normal and weakly normal functors include many classical constructions: the hyperspace exp, the space of probability measures P, the superextension λ , the space of hyperspaces of...