Background: Bariatric surgery with the improvement of obesity-related diseases, increases longevity and quality of life and is more cost-effective when compared to non-surgical Procedures.   Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the cost-effectiveness of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) and Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (LRYGB).   Method:...

Every organization requires employees who can readily accept changes to carry out their day to day business transactions and to accommodate with those changes emerging from the environment. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the Impact of Readiness for Change on Organizational Change among the employees of the Commercial Banks. Data were collected from 350 employees serving in the priv...

The impact of new technology on public-sector service delivery and citizens’ attitudes about government has long been debated by political observers. This article assesses the consequences of egovernment for service delivery, democratic responsiveness, and public attitudes over the last three years. Research examines the content of e-government to investigate whether it is taking advantage of t...

the purpose of this study is to study the role of environmental determinants in entrepreneurship in the public sector. this is an applied and descriptive-correlation study. the statistical population is tehran municipality's employees and clients. a sample of 220 municipal employees and a sample of 200 citizens were selected to evaluate the role of environmental factors in entrepreneurship...

abstract research and development (r&d;) spending plays a major role in innovation, raising productivity and increasing economic growth. the purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of r&d; spending on growth and total factor productivity (tfp) in iran's agricultural sector. we estimate growth and productivity models using auto-regressive distributed lag (ardl) approach and data over ...

International research has shown that schooling enhances within-groups wage dispersion. This assessment is typically based on private sector data and, up to date, the inequality implications of schooling have not been documented for the public sector. This paper uses recent data from eight European countries to explicitly take into account differences between the private and public sectors. Usi...