A radar-based climatology of 91 unique summertime (May 2000–August 2009) thunderstorm cases was examined over the Indianapolis, Indiana, urban area. The study hypothesis is that urban regions alter the intensity and composition/structure of approaching thunderstorms because of land surface heterogeneity. Storm characteristics were studied over the Indianapolis region and four peripheral rural c...

Proper assessment of environmental resistance of animals is critical for the ability of researchers to understand how variation in environmental conditions influence population and species abundance. This is also the case for studies of upper thermal limits in insects, where researchers studying animals under laboratory conditions must select appropriate methodology on which conclusions can be ...

The determination of the calorific value of the material stored in or lost from the body during an interval of time can be made in two ways: by the comparative slaughter method and by the balance method. In the comparative slaughter method at the beginning and at the end of the time interval the heats of combustion of the entire bodies of two precisely similar animals are determined, and the re...

[1] In summer on the shallow New England continental shelf, near the coast the water temperature is much cooler than the observed surface heat flux suggests. Using depth‐integrated heat budgets in 12 and 27 m water depth calculated from observed surface heat flux, water temperature, and velocity, we demonstrate that on time scales of weeks to months the water is persistently cooled due to a mea...

Indoor temperature is relevant with regard to mortality and heat-related self-perceived health problems. The aim of this study was to describe the association between indoor temperature and physical performance in older adults. Eighty-one older adults (84% women, mean age 80.9 years, standard deviation 6.53) were visited every four weeks from May to October 2015 and additionally during two heat...

Modifications of the design and calibration procedure of a diffusion porometer permit determinations of stomatal resistance which agree well with results obtained by leaf energy balance. The energy balance and the diffusion porometer measurements indicate that the boundary layer resistances of leaves in the field are substantially less than those predicted from heat transport formulas based on ...

1. The thermic effect of a glucose load (50 g) was studied in ten control and eleven obese female subjects, using both direct and indirect calorimetry simultaneously. Experiments were done under conditions of thermal equilbrium (28 degrees and 30% relative humidity). 2. Thermal balance (heat production measured by indirect calorimetry minus heat losses measured directly) was negative in the con...

Heat stress is an effective factor on immune responses, body weight, egg production and egg quality of chickens. The major effect of heat stress is due to decreased food intake and alteration in acid-base balance. During the recent years, efforts to improve laying performance at high temperatures have been relatively successful. Supplementation of the diet or drinking water with special nutrien...

FUNCTION Mass/energy flow and balance GENERAL FUNCTION Flow and storage of heat, etc. PHYSICAL FUNCTION States of components what? what? what? what? what?