Abstract: The paper reports on the development and simulation of a physiological model relating to Depth of Anaesthesia via Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) measurements using the anaesthetic drug isoflurane. Isoflurane is an anaesthetic gas normally administered through a vaporiser-based system which was widely reported to be unreliable and unsuitable for precision driving. Hence, in this study we...

Sometimes the need for non-circular ducts arises in many heat transfer applications because of lower pressure drop of non-circular cross section such as square duct compared to circular tube, particularly in compact heat. But square cross section has poor heat transfer performance and it is expected that using a nanofluid as a new heat transfer media may improve the heat transfer performance of...

in this numerical study the the heat transfer and laminar nanofluid flow in the three-dimensional microchannels with triangular cross-section is simulated. for increase the heat transfer from the walls of the channel, semiattached & offset mid- truncated rib,s placed in the canal, and the tooth geometry and the impact is studied. in this study, the water is base fluid, and the influence of the ...

the present article focuses on the evaluation of a first-moment closure model applicable to film cooling flow and heat transfer computations. the present first-moment closure model consists of a higher level of turbulent heat flux modeling in which two additional transport equations for temperature variance kθ and its dissipation rate εθ are considered. it not only employs a time scale that is ...

Fashioning a puncture hole through the sciera, choroid, Bruch's membrane, and retinal pigment epithelium for external drainage of subretinal fluid (SRF) may not be conceptually challenging, but the multiplicity of reported methods attests to the problems experienced in achieving the desired end simply and without extraocular egress of the retina or intraocular complications. The latter include ...

We describe a theoretical model of the fluid flow, heat transfer and phase change which occurs when liquid is injected into a fracture bounded by a hot, impermeable rock. We first consider the case of a warm host rock, in which there is no boiling of the water. We then develop the model to describe the case in which the host rock temperature is in excess of the boiling temperature and the water...

triploidy in grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idella valenciennes, 1844, was induced on fertilized eggs to compare cold and heat shocks. two simplified methods explained for verification of triploidy in grass carp. the cold shock (7 ?c) was given in three treatments for 30 min starting 2.0, 2.5 and 4.0 min after fertilization. in cold shock, the start point (2.0 min after fertilization) showed the ...

small scale thermal devices, such as micro heater, have led researchers to consider more accurate models of heat in thermal systems. moreover, biological applications of heat transfer such as simulation of temperature field in laser surgery is another pathway which urges us to re-examine thermal systems with modern ones. non-fourier heat transfer overcomes some shortcomings of fourier heat tran...