Hedysarum is one of the largest genera in Fabaceae family, mainly distributed Northern Hemisphere. Despite numerous molecular studies on genus , there still a lack research aimed at defining specific characteristics chloroplast genome (cp genome) genus. Furthermore, interrelationships between sections based cp have not yet been studied. In this study, comprehensive analyses complete genomes six...

Recent experimental and theoretical progress in the MH estimates from MW and sin θ eff is reviewed, with particular emphasis on the role played by Mt. Assuming that the SM is correct and taking into account the lower bound on MH from direct searches, we derive restrictive bounds on MW and Mt. We also discuss a representative “benchmark” scenario for the possible future evolution of these parame...