The septal area is an important anterior component of the limbic system. It is located on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere nestled inferior to the rostrum of the corpus callosum and anterior to the third ventricle and lamina terminalis (Fig 1) (1). This small area is contiguous with components of the limbic system curving around the corpus callosum (Fig 2) as well as structures on ...

Europa’s orbit in the radiation environment of Jupiter is reviewed as is the influence of the neutral gas torus on the surface weathering of that moon. Data and fits to charged particle intensities in the 1-keV to the tens-of-MeV energy range are provided near Europa. Leading/trailing hemisphere differences are highlighted. Effects of charged particles on the surface of Europa, such as sputteri...

This ten-year general circulation model experiment compared a simulation where land surface boundary conditions were represented by observed, present day land cover to a simulation where the surface was represented by natural, potential land cover conditions. As a result of these estimated changes in historical land cover, signi®cant temperature and hydrology changes a€ected tropical land surfa...

background: pragmatics is appropriate use of language across a variety of social contexts  that  provides accurate interpretation   of   intentions.   the   occurrence    of   the right hemisphere lesions can interfere with pragmatic abilities, and particularly with the processing of nonliteral speech acts. methods: since the objective of this study was to assess different  aspects of pragmatic...

Imaging studies of anatomic changes in regional gray matter volumes and cortical thickness have documented age effects in many brain regions, but the majority of such studies have been cross-sectional investigations of individuals studied at a single point in time. In this study, using serial imaging assessments of participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), we investigate...

[1] Comparison of ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica shows an asynchronous two-step warming at these high latitudes during the Last Termination. However, the question whether this asynchrony extends to lower latitudes is unclear mainly due to the scarcity of paleorecords from the Southern Hemisphere. New data from a marine core collected off South Australia ( 36 S) allows a detailed recons...

New observations of the vertically integrated CO2 mixing ratio, 〈CO2〉, from ground-based remote sensing show that variations in 〈CO2〉 are primarily determined by large-scale flux patterns. They therefore provide fundamentally different information than observations made within the boundary layer, which reflect the combined influence of large-scale and local fluxes. Observations of both 〈CO2〉 an...

Altered cortical surface complexity and gyrification differences may be a potentially sensitive marker for several neurodevelopmental disorders. We propose to use spherical harmonic (SPH) constructions to measure cortical surface folding complexity. First, we demonstrate that the complexity measure is accurate, by applying our SPH approach and the more traditional box-counting method to von Koc...

Applying a recently developed method to analyze gyrification with excellent spatial resolution across thousands of points across the lateral and medial cortical surface, we mapped differences in cortical surface anatomy between subjects with Williams syndrome (WS; n=42) and an age-matched sample of healthy subjects (n=40). WS subjects showed increased gyrification bilaterally in occipital regio...

The behaviors involved in complex human tool use cut across boundaries traditionally drawn between social, cognitive, perceptual and motor processes. Longstanding neuropsychological evidence suggests a distinction between brain systems responsible for representing: (1) semantic knowledge about familiar tools and their uses, and (2) the acquired skills necessary for performing these actions. Con...