Proteus mirabilis, a common agent of nosocomially acquired and catheter-associated bacteriuria, can cause acute pyelonephritis. In ascending infections, bacteria colonize the bladder and ascend the ureters to the proximal tubules of the kidney. We postulate that Proteus species uses the HpmA hemolysin and urease to elicit tissue damage that allows entry of these bacteria into the kidney. To stu...

Background: The genus Proteus is a Gram-negative bacterium with unique characteristic of swarming. Mainly three species are involved in initiating urinary tract infections the community and immunocompromised patients, particularly patients going through long-term catheterization. Due to their strong virulence factors like biofilm formations, protease, hemolysin, they can lead lengthening affect...

Background: Earlier the fungal infection spectrum was considered to be only restricted mucocutaneous and cutaneous tissues. However, this consideration has now changed. The threatening rise in incidence of invasive mycosis is seen recently. Despite advancements diagnostic therapeutic modalities, high mortality rates are linked mycosis. most common cause bloodstream infections Candida spp. Among...

aeromonas hydrophila secretes several extracellular proteins including enterotoxin, hemolysin and aerolysin that are associated with the bacterial virulence. previous studies have shown that two hemolytic toxins, hemolysin a and aerolysin a contribute to the virulence of aeromonas hydrophila. in the current study, a total of 50 strains of aeromonas hydrophila, including 28 (56%) strains isolate...

For Serratia marcescens, secreted hemolysin/cytotoxin is not only secreted but also activated by an outer membrane protein. Excluding posttranslational processing by mass spectrometry, the conformation of active and inactive ShlA derivatives strongly differed in electrophoretic mobilities, gel permeation chromatography, sensitivity to trypsin, circular dichroism, and intrinsic fluorescence. We ...

The Staphylococcus aureus gamma-hemolysin comprises two polypeptides, whereas the gamma-hemolysin locus (hlg) contains three open reading frames. The hlgA and hlgB genes encode the gamma 1 and gamma 2 components, respectively. The HlgB protein (gamma 2) has 27% residue identity with S. aureus alpha-toxin. Surprisingly, hlgB and hlgC are 98.5 and 99.1% identical to the lukF and lukS genes, respe...

We analyzed an Escherichia coli strain which harbours a chromosomal mutation that blocks the hemolysin excretion. Compartmentation studies showed that hemolysin accumulates in the cytoplasm and not in the periplasm. The mutation did not affect the SDS-PAGE protein pattern of the outer membrane, although some alterations were apparent in the periplasmic protein pattern. The mutant strain, E. col...

Viridin B, a bacteriocin produced by Streptococcus mitis, copurified with the alpha-hemolysin after ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The bacteriocin and hemolysin were separated in some instances by ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex A-50, but the two substances were shown to be distinct after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Attempt...