This fifty-ninth volume of IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks ta Humans contains monographs on three human hepatotropic viruseshepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis D virus (HD~ also known as the delta agent). Until now, the subjects of IARC Monographs have been mainly single chemical compounds and, to a lesser extent, groups of chemicals, complex m...

Among the many viruses that are known to infect the human liver, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are unique because of their prodigious capacity to cause persistent infection, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. HBV and HCV are noncytopathic viruses and, thus, immunologically mediated events play an important role in the pathogenesis and outcome of these infections. The adaptive im...

The family Hepeviridae includes enterically transmitted small non-enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses. It includes the genera Piscihepevirus, whose members infect fish, and Orthohepevirus, whose members infect mammals and birds. Members of the genus Orthohepevirus include hepatitis E virus, which is responsible for self-limiting acute hepatitis in humans and several mammalian species; the infe...

Viral hepatitis continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but burden has significantly diminished thanks large-scale use vaccines antivirals. However, there are still challenges regarding viral management, especially when more than one pathogenic agent is involved. We present case a 45-year-old woman who had simultaneous infection involving three viruses: HAV, HBV,...

CONTEXT Since the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral regimen for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection, a significant increase in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma has been reported in patients already chronically infected with hepatitis B virus and then given this form of regimen for their retroviral infection. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION This phenomenon was initially attribut...

OBJECTIVE To present an updated review and criticism of viral hepatitis A and B prevention by immunization. SOURCES OF DATA Review of medical articles obtained from the MEDLINE database. The most recent and representative articles on the subject (2000-2006) were selected. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Brazilian Society of Pediatric...

Vertical transmission (VT) is the primary route of transmission of viral hepatitis in children. The rate of VT ranges from 1-28% with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 3-15% with hepatitis C virus (HCV). VT for both viruses can occur during the intrauterine or peripartum period. VT of HBV primarily occurs by intrauterine transmission (IUT). Hepatitis B surface antigen is unable to cross the placenta ...

Infections due to hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis E (HEV) viruses are the major causes of hepatitis and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries like Bangladesh. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of HBsAg, anti-HCV antibody, anti-HAV antibody and anti-HEV antibody in patients suspected of ha...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of hepatitis viruses in hemodialysis patients has been reported to be much greater than in the general population. Attention to local data, effectively guides health planners so that they can control infections and prevent nosocomial transmissions. OBJECTIVES This cross sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV...