Apathy is usually defined as a lack of motivation. It may occur as part of another disorder (notably depression and dementia) or as an isolated syndrome. In Parkinson's disease (PD), apathy is common and several studies have reported an association between this condition and more severe cognitive symptoms, such as executive dysfunction. However, this association has not been thoroughly investig...

BACKGROUND/AIM Unilateral choroidal infiltration as the initial manifestation of leukemic relapse in adults is rare, particularly after an extended period of remission. This report describes this unique ophthalmic presentation, highlights the associated diagnostic challenges, and reviews the literature. METHODS Two cases are described and an extensive literature review was conducted. RESULT...

Using a large-scale reconstruction of ancestral gene content, we show that radical changes in regulome size occur at the origins of major prokaryotic lineages. Subsequently, the duplication and deletion of regulators slows down in most lineages, except proteobacteria, significantly reducing the scaling of regulators and keeping their average proportion lineage-specific. Our results also suggest...

This project addresses the problem of performing structural and semantic analysis of data where the syntactic and semantic models of the domain are inadequate, and robust methods must be employed to perform a “best approximation” to a complete analysis. This problem is particularly pertinent in the domain of text analysis. The ability to deal with large amounts of possibly ill-formed or unfores...

background: total colectomy is used in children with total colonic aganglionosis, ulcerative colitis (uc) and familial adenomatous polyposis (fap). the purpose of this study was to maintain ileocecal valve and rectal-sparing surgery for the prevention of fecal incontinence in these children. methods: from1990 to 2011, 14 children with diagnosis of uc, fap and hirschsprung’s disease were operate...

Clouds and hazes are important throughout our solar system and in the atmospheres of brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets. Among the brown dwarfs, clouds control the colors and spectra of the L-dwarfs; the disappearance of clouds helps herald the arrival of the T-dwarfs. The structure and composition of clouds will be among the first remote-sensing results from the direct detection of extr...

Two cases of brain stem stroke involving the upper pons and the ponto-mesencephalic junction presented with transient excessive pathological yawning, associated with gait ataxia and in one subject with upper limb and facial hemiparesis. A causal relation is hypothesised between the brain stem lesion and pathological yawning, possibly related to denervation hypersensitivity of a putative brain s...

Methotrexate (MTX) is an antifolic drug used in the treatment of immune-mediated and neoplastic diseases. Initiation or dosage changes in MTX therapy can cause mucositis and bone marrow suppression. Skin lesions due to acute MTX toxicity are rare, but they serve as a herald for later-onset pancytopenia. Therefore, identification of those cutaneous lesions might help to initiate rescue strategie...

Twenty-five years after the publication of seminal studies showing that HER2 gene amplification and protein overexpression are oncogenic in breast cancer, Bose and colleagues report on the identification of activating HER2 somatic mutations that, albeit rare, may determine the response of breast cancer cells to anti-HER2 agents. These results herald a new era for the potential use of existing H...

how to cite this article: ravi a, veerabhadra d, richa g, ngangbam s. a rare occurrence of shagreen patch on the face of apediatric patient with tuberous sclerosis. iranian journal of child neurology 2012;6(1):39-42. tuberous sclerosis is a neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by a clinical spectrum varying from severe mental retardation and incapacitating seizures to normal intelligence and l...