We determined the crystal structure of ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}{\mathrm{LiRuCl}}_{6}$, which was synthesized in this work, and investigated its magnetic properties. ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}{\mathrm{LiRuCl}}_{6}$ has a hexagonal composed linear chains face-sharing ${\mathrm{RuCl}}_{6}$ ${\mathrm{LiCl}}_{6}$ octahedra. In two thirds structural chains, ${\mathrm{Ru}}^{3+}$ ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$ sites are almost...

3DVH software (Sun Nuclear Corp., Melbourne, FL) is capable of generating a volumetric patient VMAT dose by applying a volumetric perturbation algorithm based on comparing measurement-guided dose reconstruction and TPS-calculated dose to a cylindrical phantom. The primary purpose of this paper is to validate this dose reconstruction on an anthropomorphic heterogeneous thoracic phantom by direct...

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States. Significant effort has been carried out in developing highly conformal dose delivery techniques using multiple coplanar beams for these patients. IMRT is being used for lung cancer treatment and has shown the potential to deliver a highly conformal dose to the target while minimizing dose to the healthy tissues and is th...

This study investigated radiation dose variations in pre-clinical irradiation due to the photon beam energy and presence of tissue heterogeneity. Based on the same mouse computed tomography image dataset, three phantoms namely, heterogeneous, homogeneous and bone homogeneous were used. These phantoms were generated by overriding the relative electron density of no voxel (heterogeneous), all vox...

Background: Accurate dose calcula ons in small beamlets and lung material have been a great challenge for most of treatment planning systems (TPS). In the current study, the dose calcula on accuracy of TiGRT TPS was evaluated for small beamlets in water and lung phantom by comparison to Monte Carlo (MC) calcula ons. Materials and Methods: The head of Siemens Oncorimpression linac was simulated ...

Background: In treating patients with radiation, the degree of accuracy for the delivery of tumor dose is recommended to be within ± 5% by ICRU in report 24. The experimental studies have shown that the presence of low-density inhomogeneity in areas such as the lung can lead to a greater than 30% change in the water dose data. Therefore, inhomogeneity corrections should be used in treatment pla...

We present a quantitative framework to model a Type II photodynamic therapy (PDT) process in the time domain in which a set of rate equations are solved to describe molecular reactions. Calculation of steady-state light distributions using a Monte Carlo method in a heterogeneous tissue phantom model demonstrates that the photon density differs significantly in a superficial tumor of only 3 mm t...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183168.].