This study examined how leaf and stem functional traits related to gas exchange and water balance scale with two potential proxies for tree hydraulic architecture: the leaf area:sapwood area ratio (A(L):A(S)) and wood density (rho(w)). We studied the upper crowns of individuals of 15 tropical forest tree species at two sites in Panama with contrasting moisture regimes and forest types. Transpir...

Enhancement and spread of helium among globular cluster stars have been recently suggested as a way to explain the horizontal branch blue tails, in those clusters which show a primordial spread in the abundances of CNO and other elements involved in advanced CNO burning. Helium enhancement is unavoidable, if the matter responsible for the abundance spreads is identified with the matter lost by ...

In the title compound, C15H22N2S2, the di-thio-carbazate group adopts an E conformation with respect to the C=N bond of the benzyl-idene moiety. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by pairs of N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with an R (2) 2(8) ring motif. The dimers are linked via C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming chains propagating along [100].

Molecular dynamics simulations are obtained and analyzed to study pairing of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium and tetrafluoroborate ions in n-pentanol, in particular by evaluating the potential-of-mean-force between counter ions. The present molecular model and simulation accurately predicts the dissociation constant K(d) in comparison to experiment, and thus the behavior and magnitudes for the ion-...

In patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, fluorescence cystoscopy can improve the detection and ablation of bladder tumors. In this paper we describe the technique and practical aspects of hexaminolevulinate (HAL) fluorescence cystoscopy, also known as "blue light cystoscopy".

The whole mol-ecule of the title complex, [Pd(C15H21N2S2)2], is generated by twofold rotational symmetry. The palladium(II) atom exhibits a square-planar coordination geometry, and is located on the crystallographic twofold axis that induces a cis configuration of the N,S chelating ligands. In the crystal, mol-ecules stack along the c-axis direction and there are no significant inter-molecular ...

The title compound, (C(13)H(28)N(2))(2)[Zn(2)(C(8)H(4)O(4))Cl(6)]·4H(2)O, was prepared by the reaction of ZnCl(2)·6H(2)O, benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and 4,4'-diamino-dicyclo-hexyl-methane in methanol. The [Zn(2)Cl(6)(C(8)H(4)O(4))](4-) anions lie on centres of inversion and comprise two ZnCl(3) groups bridged by benzene-1,4-dicarboxyl-ate. In addition to N-H⋯Cl and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds betwe...

in this complete random block study we aimed to assess the morphologic reactions of petunia under water deficiency. we used four irrigation treatments (irrigation amount of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the field's irrigation capacity. the study consisted of 8 repetitions during 6 months in the greenhouse. data were analyzed using spss software, version 12.0 and the mean data were compared with ea...

In the title compound, C(14)H(17)N(3)O(3)S, the nitro group is twisted slightly by 2.6 (3)° from the benzene ring plane and the thio-ureido group makes a dihedral angle of 52.06 (4)° with the benzene ring. The cyclo-hexyl ring displays a chair conformation. An intra-molecular N-H⋯O inter-action is present. In the crystal, inter-molecular N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into centrosymme...

The helix-sense selective polymerization of achiral monomers by homochiral catalysts was investigated. Polymerization of chiral carbodiimides (N-(R)-2,6-(dimethylheptyl)-N'-phenylcarbodiimide) by achiral catalysts yields polymers that undergo mutorotation at elevated temperatures, thus illustrating that these chains are formed under kinetic rather than thermodynamic control. Building on this ob...