Proteins are dynamic in nature and function at the single molecule level. To achieve a straightforward and in-depth understanding of their underlying functional mechanism, we need to directly observe protein molecules at work at high resolution, without the use of protein-attached markers. To realize such objectives, high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) has been developed and recently it...

A novel and robust scheme for radix-4 Booth scheme implemented in Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistor (CNTFET) technology has been presented in this paper. The main advantage of the proposed scheme is its improved speed performance compared with previous designs. With the help of modifications applied to the encoder section using Pass Transistor Logic (PTL), the corresponding capacitances o...

BACKGROUND Walking speed is assumed to be a key factor in regaining ambulation after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, from the literature it remains unclear which walking speed usually results in independent community ambulation. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to determine at which walking speed SCI patients tend to walk in the community instead of using a wheelchair. The secon...

[Purpose] The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the minimal clinically important difference for comfortable gait speed for patients with stroke. [Subjects] Data were analyzed from 35 patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation. [Methods] Two characteristics of gait were measured, assistance required and comfortable gait speed. Patients were grouped as either experiencing or ...

The Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) project we describe in this article is based on Pay as You Drive principles. These principles assume that the ISA equipment informs a driver of the speed limit, warns the driver when speeding and calculates penalty points. Each penalty point entails the reduction of a 30% discount on the driver's car insurance premium, which therefore produced the name, Pa...

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the decline of physical activity during winter influences physical performances (after 1 year) in old-old women. Methods. Fifty-three Japanese women (mean age: 78.4 ± 3.2 years) participated in this study. Data of physical activity was collected by using an accelerometer at baseline and 3-month follow-up, and participants who decreased s...

BACKGROUND The intelligent speeding prediction system (ISPS) is an in-vehicle speed assistance system developed to provide quantitative predictions of speeding. Although the ISPS's prediction of speeding has been validated, whether the ISPS can regulate a driver's speed behavior or whether a driver accepts the ISPS needs further investigation. Additionally, compared to the existing intelligent ...