The simulation of oil spill in ice waters was built by computational liquid dynamic software FLUENT. The coupling of pressure and velocity under unsteady-state conditions was solved by pressure implicit with splitting of operator algorithm. The boundary conditions of nonlinear free surface were solved by volume of fluid. And the numerical wave water flume was established by the user defined fun...

We present optical spectra of (24) Themis and (65) Cybele, two large mainbelt asteroids on which exposed water ice has recently been reported. No emission lines, expected from resonance fluorescence in gas sublimated from the ice, were detected. Derived limits to the production rates of water are . 400 kg s (5σ), for each object, assuming a cometary H2O/CN ratio. We rule out models in which a l...

We present the results of our visible and near-IR observations of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 during the Deep Impact encounter. The comet was observed before, during, and after impact from Kitt Peak National Observatory (J, H, K) and Observatorio Astronómico Nacional-San Pedro Mártir, Mexico (B, V, R, I). High time-resolution images in R, J, H, and K the night of impact with a 3.′′5 radius aperture revea...

A study on effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of natural ice in a reservoir with <3% gas content and 300 mgL dissolved matter content in the parent water was conducted in a laboratory. Ice sections were prepared to obtain the ice crystal structure, gas bubble content and ice density. Profiles of horizontal and vertical thermal conductivity of ice samples were determined with attention to rela...

The radiative impact of water ice clouds on the atmosphere of Mars is analyzed via a reanalysis of Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) temperature and ice opacity profiles. Polar hood clouds only have a small radiative impact, while tropical clouds increase diurnally averaged temperatures at the 10 Pa level by ∼10–15 K. Cloud radiative heating strengthens the meridional overturning circulation, increasi...

Simulations of the Greenland Ice Sheet are carried out with a high-resolution version of the ice-sheet model SICOPOLIS for several global-warming scenarios for the period 1990–2350. In particular, the impact of surface-meltwater-induced acceleration of basal sliding on the stability of the ice sheet is investigated. A parameterization for the acceleration effect is developed for which modelled ...

A method is presented for calculating longitudinal glacier strain rates directly from the wrapped phase of an interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) interferogram assuming the ice flow path is known. This technique enables strain rates to be calculated for scenes lacking any velocity control points or areas within a scene where the phase is not continuously unwrappable from a velocity...