Detailed surface images of the Moon and Mars reveal hundreds of cave-like openings. These cave-like openings are theorized to be remnants of lava-tubes and their interior maybe in pristine conditions. These locations may have well preserved geological records of the Moon and Mars, including evidence of past water flow and habitability. Exploration of these caves using wheeled rovers remains a d...

1 Fleming DM, Crombie DL. Prevalence of asthma and hayfever in England and Wales. BMJ 1987;294:279-83. 2 Strachen DP. Hayfever and household size. BMJ 1989;299:1259-60. 3 Frick OL. Effect of respiratory and other virus infections on IgE immunoregulation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1986;78:1013-8. 4 Welliver RC, Kaul TN, Ogra PL. The appearance of cell-bound IgE in respiratory tract epithelium after...

1995). From a historic perspective, U.S. germplasm collections and U.S. forests were managed to promote and Germplasm collections are viewed as a source of genetic diversity to sustain agricultural production in terms of farm crops support crop improvement and botanical research, as well as support conservation efforts. The United States Department of Agriculture’s and timber. National Plant Ge...

Land-use change and infrastructure development are increasing at an accelerating pace worldwide (Ibisch et al., 2016; Venter 2016), including all global biodiversity hotspots (Hu 2021), among the main causes of unprecedented decline (Benítez-López 2010; IPBES, 2019; Newbold 2015). Most takes place in areas already affected by multiple sources disturbance (Barber 2014) and, therefore, anthropoge...

This Forum contribution reflects on the new experience of lack human contact and interaction in a common space physical closeness, how this has affected language learning-and-teaching. Language instruction as social event (Fahim & Haghani, 2012, p. 693) humanistic endeavor here now, which requires students to be present interactive classroom, been my teaching philosophy, I followed ever since w...

Forest clearing in the vicinity of the Appalachian Trail National Park undermines the Trail’s value as a wilderness retreat for millions of annual hikers. We estimate that 75,000 hectares of forest were lost to clearing during the decade of the 1990s inside a 16 km-wide corridor centered on the Trail. This loss represents 2.45 percent of forests within 8 km of the 3,500 km long trail. Managed f...

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on Journal blog. Scenario planning is increasingly used as a bottom-up approach managing complex social–ecological systems in response to multiple system stresses, climate emergency and competing policy priorities (Butler et al., 2020; Flynn 2018; Totin Wesche & Armitage, 2014). Envisioning one type of scenario process building normative sce...

Stromal derived factor-1α (Sdf-1α), a chemoattractant chemokine, along with its exclusive receptor CXCR4, plays a major role in tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis and in development. Recently, the Sdf-1α signaling pathway was shown to be important for zebrafish somitogenesis (Holloway, et al 2007). Somitogenesis is an important embryological process as it establishes the segmented nature of...