A diversity of animals that run on solid, level, flat, non-slip surfaces appear to bounce on their legs; elastic elements in the limbs can store and return energy during each step. The mechanics and energetics of running in natural terrain, particularly on surfaces that can yield and flow under stress, is less understood. The zebra-tailed lizard (Callisaurus draconoides), a small desert general...

INTRODUCTION: Recognizing the correlation between insulin sensitivity and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) levels, muscle H MRS has been extensively pursued for assessing IMCLs and extramyocellular lipids (EMCLs) [1, 2]. One major technical challenge in H MRS IMCL quantitation is the spectral overlap by the large, broad and muscle orientation (with respect to main B0 field) dependent EMCL spectrum...

INTRODUCTION In this study, we focused on the medically important problem of long bone wound healing by regeneration. We employed a small animal in vivo load-bearing model to study the effect of a biocompatible artificial polymer scaffold on regeneration of critical size defects in adult Xenopus laevis frog hind limbs. The long-term goal is to repair large segmental critical size (non-regenerat...

A diversity of animals that run on solid, level, flat, non-slip surfaces appear to bounce on 8 their legs; elastic elements in the limbs can store and return energy during each step. The 9 mechanics and energetics of running in natural terrain, particularly on surfaces that can 10 yield and flow under stress, is less understood. The zebra-tailed lizard (Callisaurus 11 draconoides), a small dese...

This paper reviews hypertrophic osteopathy and describes one case report. Hypertrophic osteopathy is a rare pathologic disease process and is observed secondary to a mass in the thorax. In response to the presence of a mass(es), nonoedematous soft tissue swellings and a diffuse periosteal new bone formation develop in all four limbs. The result is mild to severe lameness. A twelve-year-old sexu...

This study aimed to investigate the optimal freezing and thawing procedures for the survival of peripheral nerves in severed rabbit limbs. Twenty New Zealand White rabbits were randomized into four groups: normal control, slow-freezing fast-thawing, slow-freezing slow-thawing, fast-freezing fast-thawing, with five animals in each group. The hind limbs of the rabbits were severed at 1 cm above t...

Congenitally deformed tibia-fibulas of both hind limbs were diagnosed in a four-month-old, female, domestic shorthair cat that was unable to bear weight and whose movement was painful on both stifle and hock joints. Bleeding was observed repeatedly from the wound made by deformed tibias at the cranial sides of hock joints where the bones were exposed. Radiography and computed tomography reveale...

Ligand-dependent signalling pathways have been characterised as having morphogen properties where there is a quantitative relationship between receptor activation and response, or threshold characteristics in which there is a binary switch in response at a fixed level of receptor activation. Here we report the use of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based transgenic system in which a hyp...

Local sympathetic denervation by surgical sympathectomy is used in the treatment of lower limb ulcers and ischemia, but the restoration of cutaneous sympathetic nerve functions is less clear. This study aims to explore the recovery of cutaneous sympathetic functions after bilateral L2-4 sympathectomy. The skin temperature of the left feet, using a point monitoring thermometer, increased intraop...