The morphological and physiological classification of the fibres of the extraocular muscles has been the subject of some controversy, not to say confusion. It is well known that in mammals the oblique and rectus muscles consist of a peripheral layer of smaller fibres overlying a deeper zone with larger diameters (Kato, I938; Kern, I965). Many morphological and ultrastructural studies have descr...

Diplopods are considered important macroarthropods the soil as part of its maintenance and balance. These animals usually do not occur in high densities, but population explosions caused by environmental disturbances, climate changes, and use of pesticides that eliminate possible competitors, have been reported. The millipede Urostreptus atrobrunneus Pierozzi and Fontanetti, 2006 have become a ...

The view on the significance of the presence of glycans in glycoconjugates is undergoing a paradigmatic change. Initially mostly considered to be rather inert and passive, the concept of the sugar code identifies glycans as highly versatile platform to store information. Their chemical properties endow carbohydrates to form oligomers with unsurpassed structural variability. Owing to their capac...

Cell function is related to cell composition. The asexual state of filamentous fungi (molds and mildews) has two main life cycle stages: vegetative hyphae for substrate colonization and nutrient acquisition, and asexual spores for survival and dispersal. Hyphal composition changes over a few tens of microns during growth and maturation; spores are different from hyphae. Most biochemical analyse...

Recently orotic acid has been noticed as a growth factor and regarded as a pre cursor of nucleic acid (1, 2). But its distribution in organisms has scarcely been studied except for tracing the acid using C14-labeled compound (3). The authors have found that orotic acid shows a whitish blue primary fluorescence, which is re markably intensified by adding H2O2. Applying this property to histochem...

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T HE first descriptions of disease entities, which today are included in the category of "collagen diseases," were made more than a century ago. Through the decades many more entities were described clinically, but until recent years no fundamental common denominator was suspected. Significant contributions which went beyond mere clinical and morphological recognition were made after 1930. The ...

A detailed morphological analysis of Walker 256 cells sensitive and resistant to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) has been performed. Two cell populations are identified by electron microscopy of differing differentiation corresponding structurally to cells reported in experimentally induced metastases. Phenotyping of the cells using a number of monoclonal antibodies by immunocytochemistry and ...

Preclinical safety testing is one important step in the development of new medicines. The requirements of such testing are the subject of government regulations and may vary in details, but not in general principles, in different countries around the world. The approach to preclinical safety testing of new drugs is multidisciplinary and requires the expertise of members from many different fiel...

Pigment epithelial (PE) cells exert a pronounced organizing effect when added to embryonic day (E) 5-6 chick retinal cells in a reaggregation system such that after a period of 14-21 d of culture, the main layers of an intact E10-E14 retina are reconstructed (Vollmer et al., 1984). In the present study we investigated the time course of the formation of retina-like structures in retinal-pigment...