This paper analyzes theories and models of pitch from a historical perspective. Pythagoras is credited with the first ”psychophysical” model, the monochord, that he used to formulate a law that links a physical quantity (ratio of string lengths) to a psychological quantity (musical interval). The relation between pitch itself and frequency emerged progressively with Aristoxenos, Boethius, Merse...

SINCE 1844 there has been legislation in Great Britain to prevent accidents in premises subject to the Factories Act. This legislation was the first of its kind, was continously adapted in the light of experience and has been a pattern for legislation to prevent accidents in many countries. The first factory legislation such as Sir Robert Peel's 'Health and Morals of Apprentices Act' was concer...

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation,[1] preterm labor is defined as labor starting earlier than 37 completed weeks (less than 259 days) from the first day of the last menstrual period and the term premature should no longer be used. The term premature was previously defined as a birth weight of less than 2500 gm. Therefore, this will include infants of low birth weig...

The first part of the review describes events and newly acquired knowledge that anticipated the making of the HEAL project and its preparatory phase. The pilot study relied on the belief that the total exposure assessment should take into account different pollutants and their relative contribution in the human intake from different environmental media such as air, drinking water, food chain, a...

Radiation was used extensively for the treatment of all types of infections before the advent of antibiotics. Although this mode of therapy is now in disrepute, radiation therapists of that era were firm believers in the ability of radiation to cure infections. A review of the literature suggests, but certainly does not prove, that low-dose local radiation, in the range of 75 to 300 roentgens, ...

If the science of neonatology has come of age, the study of the immunobiology of the newborn is barely past infancy. Although we have come a long way from the concept of the newborn as "immunologically null," significant gaps still remain in our understanding of the neonatal host defenses. Infectious diseases during this period of immunologic immaturity, with the attendant increase in morbidity...

An overview of air-bearing spacecraft simulators is provided. Air bearings have been used for satellite attitude determination and control hardware veriŽ cation and software development for nearly 45 years. It is interesting to consider the history of this technology: how early systems were Ž rst devised and what diverse capabilities current systems provide. First a survey is given of planar sy...

"Stereotactic" is an exact radiotherapy treatment modality which implements invasive and non-invasive facilities for improving precise dose delivery. Stereotactic refers to three-dimensional localization of a specific point in space by a unique set of coordinates that relate to a fixed external reference frame. An accurate delivery of radiation is attainable using these techniques with high pre...

In the previous paper it has been shown that the surfaces of articular cartilage in living mammals and birds are not smooth but are covered by a series of secondary irregularities and of 20 to 30 [km. tertiary undulations, both superimposed on the broad primary anatomical contours (Gardner and McGillivray, 1971). The experiments from which this evidence has been derived have drawn attention to ...