infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is a progressive condition which may cause endothelial dysfunction and liver damage leading to coagulopathy. with adventure of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart), life expectancy has prolonged in hiv positive patients but several acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-related conditions such as coagulopathies are responsible for ass...

Researchers examining injection drug users (IDUs) in drug treatment have been trying for decades to determine the optimal way to intervene to prevent the transmission and spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in this population. Although efficacious HIV risk reduction interventions are widely available, questions remain about what specific factors are most related to HIV risk behavior an...

Injecting drug use is a major driver of HIV infections in Eastern Europe, the Commonwealth of Independent States, North Africa, the Middle East, and many parts of Asia and North America. We provide a global overview of the epidemiology of HIV infection among drug users and present current drug use trends that may constitute important epidemic drivers. We describe trends in ethnic disparities am...

The present study reports the prevalence of HIV infection among the drug addicts undergoing counselling and treatment in a drug deaddiction centre located in Bhubaneswar, during July 1996 to August 1997. All subjects were males. The coded serum samples were tested by ELISA and rapid spot test for the detection of HIV antibodies. The positive samples were finally confirmed by the line immunoassa...

background this quantitative explanatory study was designed to explain the relationship between hiv/aids risk-taking behaviors among african american women and their knowledge surrounding hiv/aids. more specifically, the research considers whether knowledge alone was sufficient to alter african-american women’s risk-taking behaviors regarding hiv/aids. objectives this study was designed to inve...

Avicennia marina (Avicenniaceae) is a species of mangrove tree used for treatment of small pox lesions in Persian folk medicine. The antiviral activity of methanol, ethanol, water, chloroform and n-hexane extracts was evaluated against HIV-1 and HSV. Methanol extract had the highest antiviral activity and the most polar fraction of this extract (fraction D) inhibited HSV with TI and SI values o...

BACKGROUND Individuals with HIV infection commonly have pulmonary function abnormalities, including airflow obstruction and diffusion impairment, which may be more prevalent among recreational drug users. To date, the relationship between drug use and pulmonary function abnormalities among those with HIV remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine associations between recreational drug use and ai...

BACKGROUND New HIV diagnoses related to injection drug use (IDU) have declined in the United States. Access to clean syringes and decreasing HIV transmission among injection drug users have been HIV prevention priorities of the Rhode Island (RI) HIV community. To examine trends in IDU-related new HIV diagnoses in RI, we performed a retrospective analysis of new HIV diagnoses according to HIV ri...

Extension of drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains is one of the problems of modern society. Presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in HIV-infected individuals is an important cause of severe infections. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of MRSA carriage rate among HIV patients referring to the Shiraz HIV referral center (...

INTRODUCTION The widespread use of antiretroviral therapy increased the transmission of antiretroviral resistant HIV strains. Antiretroviral therapy initiation during acute/recent HIV infection limits HIV reservoirs and improves immune response in HIV infected individuals. Transmitted drug resistance may jeopardize the early goals of early antiretroviral treatment among acute/recent HIV infecte...