This article explores the question of why competent evaluators award the ratings they do to college students' expository essays. Essays were rewritten to be stronger or weaker in four categories: content, organization, sentence structure, and mechanics. Twelve evaluators first used a 4-point holistic rating scale to judge the essays' quality. Then they rated whether each of the four rewriting c...

background and aims. different factors affect children’s behavior during dental treatment, including psychological and behavioral characteristics. the aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of self-concept on child’s anxiety and behavior during dental treatment in 4 to 6-year-old children. materials and methods. a total of 235 preschoolers aged 4 to 6 years were included in this desc...

Writing assessments often make use of analytic rating scales to describe the criteria for different performance levels. However, the use of such rating scales requires a level of interpretation by raters and if several raters are involved, the reliability of examinee scores can be significantly affected (Engelhard, 1992; McNamara 1996). Variability between raters is partly managed by rater trai...

background: snap-iv rating scale developed by swanson, nolan and pelham to diagnose attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd). the aim of this study was determination of psychometrics specifications of this scale. methods: this was a methodological, applied and validity assessment study. one thousand students at 7 to 12 years of age in primary school in tehran city were selected by cluste...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of the present research is to compare the Turkish translations of school and home versions of the Scales for Diagnosing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (SCALES) developed by Ryser and McConnell with respect to age and gender and to examine the correlation between the two scales. METHOD The research was conducted with 102 teachers and parents of 891 children a...

It has been suggested that an everyday preference for holistic and emotional thought is related to the ability to enter hypnosis, although research addressing the idea has often yielded inconsistent results. This study correlated hypnotic susceptibility, as measured by the Harvard Group Scale (Shor and Orne, 1962), with three measures of a holistic/emotional thinking style: the experiential sub...

Background: Falls are a major risk for Parkinson disease patients (PD). Single falls, in older people may be related to the underlying disease or may be accidental. Recurrent falls are more likely to be related to the underlying disease. Objectives: To predict falls in patients with Parkinson disease. Patients and Methods: Between July 1, 2011 and June 30, 2012 we examined 452 persons with PD i...

The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), and the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) are among the most commonly used measures of pain intensity in clinical and research settings. Although evidence supports their validity as measures of pain intensity, few studies have compared them with respect to the critical validity criteria of responsivity, and...

The authors report the results of a confirmatory factor analysis of symptoms assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) in a sample of 474 patients with schizophrenia, replicated in an independent sample of 327 patients. The most commonly used 5-factor solution for the BPRS fit the data poorly. Exploratory factor analyses performed on the first sample led to the specification of a ...

This article of the month presents results of a clinical study conducted in the UK and Romania, which evaluated the efficacy of a THC:CBD cannabis extract (Sativex®) and a THC cannabis extract in the treatment of 177 patients with cancer pain, who experienced inadequate pain reduction despite intake of opioids [Johnson et al. J Pain Symptom Manage, 2010, in press]. Sativex resulted in a signifi...