Objectives At the completion of this course, the learner should be able to: 1. Describe a waterpipe (hookah) that is used to smoke tobacco. 2. Discuss the toxicants in waterpipe smoke. 3. Discuss the toxicants that can be found in waterpipe smokers. 4. Identify 3 potential health risks of waterpipe tobacco smoking. 5. Describe why a preoperative carboxyhemoglobin test might be indicated in a pa...

aims: the dramatic increase of smoking in adolescents has become one of the major challenges in most countries and it needs further consideration. the aim of this study was to determine the smoking prevalence and some related factors among high school students. instrument & methods: this descriptive, cross-sectional study was done in 2012-13 academic year in male and female high school students...

background: it is clear that tobacco smoking and substance abuse have negative consequences on adolescent and youth’s health. tobacco smoking especially hookah smoking has increased worldwide especially among university students. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of risk‑taking behaviors such as cigarette smoking, hookah smoking, alcohol use, and drug abuse and its predictors in stud...

AIM To examine the impact of interval training program on the antioxidant defense capability and lipid profile in men smoking cigarettes or hookah unable or unwilling to quit smoking. METHODS Thirty-five participants performed an interval training (2 : 1 work : rest ratio) 3 times a week for 12 weeks at an intensity of 70% of VO2max. All subjects were subjected to a biochemical test session b...

BACKGROUND Tobacco use is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths in the world. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of all common types of tobacco use and identify factors associated with tobacco use among adults in Tehran based on information from the population-based Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study in Tehran. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study had a stratifi...

BACKGROUND In order to assess the status of drug abuse and likely addiction among university students, a descriptive study was designed. METHODS 1200 subjects among the students of three universities in Zanjan were selected by stratified random sampling and their demographic information and history of substance abuse including hookah, cigarette, codeine, ibuprofen, alcohol, diazepam, tramadol...