An animal's emotional responses are the result of its cognitive appraisal of a situation. This appraisal is notably influenced by the possibility of an individual to exert control over an aversive event. Although the fact that environment controllability decreases emotional responses in animals is well established, far less is known about its potential trans-generational effects. As the levels ...

objective(s): thyroid hormones play an essential role in fetal growth and maternal hypo-thyroidism which leads to cardiovascular deficiency in their offspring.  considering this, we intended to investigate the impact of gestational hypothyroidism on offspring vascular contractibility and possible underlying mechanisms. materials and methods: hypothyroidism was induced in female rats by administ...

Objective(s): Gestational diabetes increases the risk of congenital heart disease in the offspring, but the molecular mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. Therefore, the current study was conducted to assess the effects of induced gestational diabetes on expression of some involved genes in cardiac hypertrophy in the offspring of diabetic rats.Materials and Methods: Diabetes was i...

800x600 background: nowadays, mothers are continuously exposed to different sources of electromagnetic fields before and even during pregnancy.   it has recently been shown that exposure to mobile phone radiation during pregnancy may lead to adverse effects on the brain development in offspring and cause hyperactivity. researchers have shown that behavioral problems in laboratory animals which ...

objective(s): maternal high-fat diet has been shown to have deleterious effects on the offspring bones. however, there is no study to assess the effects of type and amount of maternal dietary oil in an isocaloric diet, with focus on extra virgin olive oil (evoo). the objective of the current study was to test the hypothesis that type of maternal dietary oil has more effects than its amount in a...

Abstract Rawls argued that fairness in human societies can be achieved if decisions about the distribution of societal rewards are made from behind a veil ignorance, which obscures personal gains result. Whether ignorance promotes animal societies, is, resources to reduce inequality, is unknown. Here we show experimentally cooperatively breeding banded mongooses, acting over kinship, allocate p...

introduction: - significant increase in usage of silver nanoparticles (agnps) in consumer products, has increased its exposures to human and animals. although there are some reports regarding the effects of agnps on complex organisms, no report was found as to its effects on neurobehavioral ontogeny. methods: to investigate the effects of maternal exposure to agnps on development of neurobehavi...

background:   h2-eb1 molecule which is the homolog of human hla-drb1 is proposed to be associated with allergic rhinitis (ar). construction of   h2-eb1 knockout animal models provides a tool to elucidate the role of h2-eb1 and ar pathogenesis. objective:   to establish the h2-eb1 knockout model and investigate the h2-eb1 functions in   h2-eb1 knockout mice as a model of ar. methods: the cre/lox...

introduction: diabetes mellitus is associated with nervous system alterations in both human and animal models. this study was done to determine the effect of gestational diabetes on the purkinje and granular cells in the cerebellum of rat offspring.  methods: 10 wistar rats dams were randomly allocated in control and diabetic group. the experimental group received 40 mg/kg/body weight of strept...