In this study, the thermal performance of three kinds of roofs with different heat capacity and thermal conductivity under different external conditions has been investigated using a numerical method. For this purpose, the combined solar radiation, conduction and convection heat transfer were calculated implicitly in terms of a one-dimensional finite difference method. Different high and low so...

BACKGROUND Thermal safety standards for the use of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) ensembles have been established for various US occupations, but not for law enforcement personnel. OBJECTIVES We examined thermal strain levels of 30 male US law enforcement personnel who participated in CBRN field training in Arizona, Florida, and Massachusetts. METHODS Physiological r...

The human cognitive performance under hot and humid exposure is a critical issue for people working environments, the considerations of both their health safety. In order to find an indicator performance, electrocardiogram (ECG) data were recorded continuously 2.5 hours with portable Holter, when participants exposed 4 hot-humid environmental conditions conducting different tests. ECG then anal...

Skin and leather characteristics of hair-type goats were studied in relation to their sex and age, using 100 randomly-selected skin from goats reared in east west Iran. Mean weights of skin and leather were 859.2±35.2 and 357.4±16.2 g, and the length and width of leather ranged from 60 to 121 and 41 to 87 cm, respectively. Age had a significant effect on the weight and area of skin and leather....

A direct expansion (DX) HVAC system is an efficient way to supply fresh and dehumidified air to a built environment. To improve the efficiency of a conventional DX system in hot and humid regions, fresh air dehumidification and conditioning systems with energy recovery measures are the key equipment to reach such a goal. To achieve this goal an integrated system is proposed. The integrated syst...

The aims of the present field-based study were to investigate changes in fit horses undergoing acclimatisation to a hot humid environment and to provide data on which to base recommendations for safe transport and acclimatisation. Six horses (age 7-12 years) were flown from Europe to Atlanta and underwent a 16 day period of acclimatisation. Exercise conditions during acclimatisation (wet bulb g...

PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the efficacy of different in-play cooling strategies for mitigating heat strain during simulated tennis match-play activity in a hot/humid environment representing the most extreme conditions during the US Open (36°C, 50% relative humidity). METHODS On three occasions, nine males completed an intermittent treadmill protocol with an exercise intensity and act...

Sago (Metroxylin sagu), a carbohydrate (CHO) based dietary staple of Southeast Asia is easily digestible and quickly absorbed, and thus has potential to be prescribed as an affordable pre-and post-exercise food in this part of the world. Compared to other CHO staples, research into the physiological response to sago ingestion is sparse, and only a few recent studies have investigated its value ...