Wind-farm-side modular multilevel converters (WFMMCs) used in converter based high-voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) transmission systems must be able to control the AC grid voltage offshore wind farms. Different strategies can significantly affect dynamic characteristics of WFMMCs. However, existing studies have not provided a general methodology controller parameter design, and few comparativ...

This paper investigates the use of multi-terminal HVDC systems to provide primary frequency support to connected AC networks via coordinated DC voltage manipulation. Control schemes for multi-terminal HVDC systems to allow redistribution of active power, based on the idea of “power priority” are proposed. Inertia response from DC connected large offshore wind farms can also be incorporated base...

This paper focuses on the engineering trade-offs in designing capacitor voltage balancing schemes for modular multilevel converters (MMC) HVDC: regulation performance and switching loss. MMC is driven by the on/off switch operation of numerous submodules and the key design concern is balancing submodule capacitor voltages minimizing switching transition among submodules because it represents th...

This paper investigates the control of flow networks, where the control objective is to regulate the measured output (e.g storage levels) towards a desired value. We present a distributed controller that dynamically adjusts the inputs and flows, to achieve output regulation in the presence of unknown disturbances, while satisfying given input and flow constraints. Optimal coordination among the...

Bulk Power HVDC transmission schemes over distances of up to 2000 km are currently under planning for various large hydropower stations in India and China. Ultra high dc voltage (UHVDC) up to 800 kV is the preferred dc voltage level for these applications. Currently world-wide existing HVDC schemes are limited to maximum voltage levels of 500 kV to 600 kV. Therefore, the impact of increased ste...

The integration of renewable energy sources like solar and wind into the transmission distribution grid has increased gradually for quenching increasing demand alternative to fossil fuels. However, due intermittent nature primarily wind, injection power generation shall also be fluctuating which in turn will impact voltage profile grid. Also, case any major load disconnection or generator tripp...

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the effect quasi oppositional - based learning method utilization in output tracking control through swarm-based multivariable Proportional-Integral-Derivative (SMPID) controller, which is tuned by novel performance index on step response characteristics multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system. The role proposed SMPID controller to modify strateg...