With the availability of several completed genome sequences, the analyses of large-scale interactions among the proteins encoded by them become important to decipher the complexities of biological systems involving intricate networks of macromolecular interactions. Various approaches have been developed to generate systematic genome-wide protein interaction maps (PIMs), which provide functional...

Angiogenin (ANG) promotes the formation of blood vessels in animals. This hormone is a small, monomeric protein that is homologous to bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase). ANG is a poor ribonuclease but its ribonucleolytic activity is essential for its angiogenic activity. RNase is not angiogenic. A hybrid protein was produced in which 13 residues of a divergent surface loop of ANG were sub...

T advent of genome sequencing projects—culminating in the recent reports of the human sequence (1, 2)—has resulted in both the identification of novel genes and proteins as well as the proliferation of the ‘‘omes’’ that come from their analyses: the proteome (the complement of proteins), transcriptome (the complement of mRNA transcripts), metabolome (the complement of metabolites), and so on. T...

seth4 coding sequence with 2013 bp is a member of gene family expressed in gametophytic tissues of arabidopsis thaliana. this fragment was pcr amplified using kod hi fi dna polymerase enzyme. this fragment was cloned into pgbkt7 bate vector and transformed e. coli dh5? cells containing vector were selected on lb medium containing kanamycin. finally, pgbkt7-seth4 bate was transformed into yeast ...

We examined the synthesis and accumulation of ribosomal RNA and protein in hybrid cells formed by fusing mouse 3T3 cells with Chinese hamster ovary cells resistant to the antibiotic emetine. These hybrid lines retained chromosomes of both parents and accumulated mouse and hamster ribosomal components in hybrid ribosomes. “he synthesis of precursor ribosomal RNA was found to vary from half-hamst...

MOTIVATION Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play an important role in understanding biological processes. Although recent research in text mining has achieved a significant progress in automatic PPI extraction from literature, performance of existing systems still needs to be improved. RESULTS In this study, we propose a novel algorithm for extracting PPIs from literature which consists of...

Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screens are an efficient system for mapping protein-protein interactions and whole interactomes. The screens can be performed using random libraries or collections of defined open reading frames (ORFs) called ORFeomes. This protocol describes both library and array-based Y2H screening, with an emphasis on array-based assays. Array-based Y2H is commonly used to test a numb...

SETH4 coding sequence with 2013 bp is a member of gene family expressed in gametophytic tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana. This fragment was PCR amplified using Kod Hi Fi DNA polymerase enzyme. This fragment was cloned into pGBKT7 bate vector and transformed E. coli DH5? cells containing vector were selected on LB medium containing Kanamycin. Finally, pGBKT7-SETH4 bate was transformed into yeast ...

When nuclear localization sequences (termed NLS) are placed at the N terminus of cytochrome c1, a mitochondrial inner membrane protein, the resulting hybrid proteins do not assemble into mitochondria when synthesized in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cells lacking mitochondrial cytochrome c1, but expressing the hybrid NLS-cytochrome c1 proteins, are unable to grow on glycerol since the hyb...

We describe a new protein that binds to DNA and activates gene transcription in yeast. This protein, LexA-GAL4, is a hybrid of LexA, an Escherichia coli repressor protein, and GAL4, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptional activator. The hybrid protein, synthesized in yeast, activates transcription of a gene if and only if a lexA operator is present near the transcription start site. Thus, th...