Inadequate spillway capacity is one of the major reasons for dam failure in embankment dams. New Swedish guidelines for the design flood, adopted in 1990, have led to an extensive work with upgrading of the discharge capacity in a number of dams. A large number of dams have such a spillway design that they do not easily allow for accurate theoretical calculations of the discharge capacity due t...

the usage of turbochargers in diesel engines has led to the downsizing of the motors as well as usage of the waste gates in turbochargers. any dimensional reduction in turbochargers and appurtenant leads to an enhancement on the performance of internal combustion engines and in environmental problems in terms of aerodynamic, thermodynamic and mechanical specifications for both engines and turbo...

The saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil is needed for deteriming the agricultural and hydrological processes. The measurement techniques used to estimate such property remain hampered by extensive labor and time constraints. Both emitter discharge rate and steady saturated radius emerged from point source trickle irrigation on the soil surface were used to determine the saturated hydraulic...

A hydraulic jump is a sudden, rapid transition from a supercritical flow to a subcritical flow. At large inflow Froude numbers, the jump is characterized by a significant amount of entrained air. For this paper, the bubbly two-phase flow properties of steady and strong hydraulic jumps were investigated experimentally. The results demonstrate that the strong air entrainment rate and the depth-av...

combined pet/ct scanners now play a major role in medicine for in vivo imaging in oncology, cardiology, neurology, and psychiatry. as the performance of a scanner depends not only on the scintillating material but also on the scanner design, with regards to the advent of newer scanners, there is a need to optimize acquisition protocols as well as to compare scanner performances on an objective ...

Steady-state and transient one-dimensional unsaturated flow in vertically stratified porous media are examined. Saturated hydraulic conductivity and the alpha parameter of the exponential hydraulic conductivity function were assumed to vary from soil layer to soil layer. The use of effective unsaturated hydraulic conductivity to compute matric potential in the soil profile is demonstrated. Resu...

Tide-induced hydraulic head fluctuation results in significant airflow above the water table if the aquifer is air-confined, for example, if the aquifer is capped by low permeability materials. Hypothetical studies on the interaction between tidal fluctuation and airflow in coastal aquifers are carried out using an air–water two-phase numerical model. The results show that both the amplitude of...

The street hydraulic capacity to convey storm water is dictated by the street gutter geometry and hydraulic characteristics. With the consideration of traffic safety, the street hydraulic conveyance capacity is also subject to a reduction defined by the water velocity and flow depth in the street gutter. In this study, the street hydraulic equation is re-arranged to demonstrate that the water v...

This study introduces a reversible optical fulladder. Also optical NOT and NOR gates are implemented through Electro-Absorption-Modulator / Photo Detector (EAM/PD) pairs, were utilized for fulfilling reversible R gate. Then, reversible fulladder was designed based on the proposed reversible optical R gate. The operation of the suggested fulladder was simulated using Optispice and it was fou...