Little Sodus Bay (LSB), a freshwater embayment along the coast of Lake Ontario (LO, North America), is used as a canonical lake–embayment system to investigate the effects of unsteadiness and viscosity on the generally assumed inviscid flow between two reservoirs through a topographic constriction. It is determined, through a scaling analysis based on field observations, that for this general c...

Four catheters (Ash Split Cath, Tesio, Duo-Split, and Duo--Flow; Medcomp, Harleysville, PA, U.S.A.) were tested in a temperature-controlled in vitro setup filled with 50% aqueous glycerin solution to determine hydraulic resistance at different flow rates. All these catheters have side holes; hydraulic resistance was determined with these holes open and closed. Due to extra pressure losses near ...

Based on an analysis of the working principles of the hydraulic variable pitch system of a wind turbine, a novel Petri net model and reliability evaluation method are proposed. First, Petri net theory is adopted to build a model for each discrete state of the operation of the hydraulic pitch system of the wind turbine and at the same time a fault Petri net model is established. Then through qua...

Methods to predict soil hydraulic properties frequently require information on the particle size distribution (PSD). The objectives of this study were to investigate various protocols for rapidly measuring PSD using the laser diffraction technique, compare the obtained PSD with those determined using the traditional hydrometer-and-sieves method (HSM), and assess the accuracy of soil hydraulic p...

The changes in hydraulic geometry of the Hwang River downstream of Hapcheon Dam have been investigated since 1982. The study reach is 45 km long from the Hapcheon Re-regulation Dam to the confluence with the Nakdong River, in South Korea. The geographic information system (GIS) analysis of a time series of aerial photographs taken in 1982, 1993 and 2004 showed that the non-vegetated active chan...

This review emphasizes recent developments and controversies related to the uptake, transport and loss of water by trees. Comparisons of the stable isotope composition of soil and xylem water have provided new and sometimes unexpected insights concerning spatial and temporal partitioning of soil water by roots. Passive, hydraulic redistribution of water from moister to drier portions of the soi...

This article reviews the application of electric circuit methods for the analysis of pressure-driven microfluidic networks with an emphasis on concentration- and flow-dependent systems. The application of circuit methods to microfluidics is based on the analogous behaviour of hydraulic and electric circuits with correlations of pressure to voltage, volumetric flow rate to current, and hydraulic...

This paper presents the detailed model of a double clutch actuator with a suitable control algorithm. Firstly, there is an introduction into the theory of a double clutch transmission and the aim of this project. The simulation model with a Dymola R © and a MATLAB R ©/Simulink R © part is discussed. The library of a vehicle model with a highly detailed hydromechanical clutch is introduced, whic...

A review of coupled groundwater and heat transfer theory is followed by an introduction to geothermal measurement techniques. Thereafter, temperaturedepth profiles (geotherms) and heat discharge at springs to infer hydraulic parameters and processes are discussed. Several studies included in this review state that minimum permeabilities of approximately 5×10<kmin <10 m are required to observe a...

A classical transport experiment was performed in a field plot of 2.5 m2 using the dye tracer brilliant blue. The measured tracer distribution demonstrates the dominant role of the heterogeneous soil structure for solute transport. As with many other published experiments, this evidences the need of considering the macroscopic structure of soil to predict flow and transport. We combine three di...