Energy spectra and angular distributions have been measured of electrons that are emitted upon disassembly of Xe150000 following irradiation by intense (10-10 W cm) laser pulses whose durations are varied over the 100-2200 fs range. The cluster explosion dynamics occur in the hydrodynamic regime. Electron emission is found to be unexpectedly asymmetric and exhibits a resonance when the laser pu...

The spring constant of an atomic force microscope cantilever is often needed for quantitative measurements. The calibration method of Sader et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 3967 (1999)] for a rectangular cantilever requires measurement of the resonant frequency and quality factor in fluid (typically air), and knowledge of its plan view dimensions. This intrinsically uses the hydrodynamic function...

We discuss the general energetic variational approaches for hydrodynamic systems of complex fluids. In these energetic variational approaches, the least action principle (LAP) with action functional gives the Hamiltonian parts (conservative force) of the hydrodynamic systems, and the maximum/minimum dissipation principle (MDP), i.e., Onsager's principle, gives the dissipative parts (dissipative...

Deposition and re-entrainment of 1.1 microm microspheres were examined in packed glass beads and quartz sand under both favorable and unfavorable conditions for deposition. Experiments were performed at environmentally relevant ionic strengths and flow rates in the absence of solution chemistry and flow perturbations. Numerical simulations of experimental data were performed using kinetic rate ...

The delicate mesothelial surfaces of the pleural space and other serosal cavities slide relative to each, lubricated by pleural fluid. In the absence of breathing motion, differences between lung and chest wall shape could eventually cause the lungs and chest wall to come into contact. Whether sliding motion keeps lungs and chest wall separated by a continuous liquid layer is not known. To expl...

Deposition of colloidal- and nano-scale particles on surfaces is critical to numerous natural and engineered environmental, health, and industrial applications ranging from drinking water treatment to semi-conductor manufacturing. Nano-scale surface roughness-induced hydrodynamic impacts on particle deposition were evaluated in the absence of an energy barrier to deposition in a parallel plate ...

In the present study, a modified Reynolds equation including the electrical double layer (EDL)-induced electroviscous effect of lubricant is established to investigate the effect of the EDL on the hydrodynamic lubrication of a 1D slider bearing. The theoretical model is based on the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation without the use of the Debye-Hückel approximation. Furthermore, the variatio...

Among the many force s to which hydraulic structures are exposed to, the forces induced by cavitation incident are of typical hydrodynamic unknown forces. The aim of this study is to define these forces as coupled fluid-structure interaction under two dynamic effects. The first dynamic effect which incorporates facilities for dealing with cavitation fluid is based on the appearance and bursting...

A spherical harmonic analysis is made of the hydrodynamic equation governing the flow of an incompressible liquid in a rotating sphere in the presence of the magnetic Lorentz force. Nonlinear partial differential equations are derived for the functions S(n)(r,t) and T(n)(r,t) entering the spherical harmonic representation of the velocity field.

The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Abstract Hydrodynamic lift forces offer a convenient way to manipulate particles in microfluidic applications, but there is little quantitative information on how non-inertial lift mechanisms act and compete with each other in the confined space of microfluidic channels. ...