INTRODUCTION While epidemiological methods have grown in sophistication during the 20th century, their application in historical occupational (and environmental) health research has also led to a corresponding growth in uncertainty in the validity and reliability of the attribution of risk in the resulting studies, particularly where study periods extend back in time to the immediate postwar er...

Among the conducting polymers, polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy) are the most popular. According to the Web of Science, more than 10,000 papers appeared in the past 30 years on various aspects of chemistry, physics, and engineering of PANI. This is due to the cheapness and easy availability of raw materials, ease of synthesis, good environmental stability, high electrical conductivity an...

Among the conducting polymers, polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy) are the most popular. According to the Web of Science, more than 10,000 papers appeared in the past 30 years on various aspects of chemistry, physics, and engineering of PANI. This is due to the cheapness and easy availability of raw materials, ease of synthesis, good environmental stability, high electrical conductivity an...

Promoting the use of electric vehicles (EVs) is one key governmental initiatives for reducing harmful pollutants and combating climate change. But this best or most effective way to save planet? EVs are touted their eco-friendliness but they really green? I discuss five reasons question ability live up hype. The questionable green linkage includes sourcing (some which non-green); batteries (man...

An increase in United States water pollution has been denoted over the past 30 years. With a rise in water pollution, enhanced filtration and heavy metal remediation methods are imperative. Membrane fouling, the process whereby extraneous particles deposit onto a membrane surface and degrade the membrane’s performance, is a major issue facing ultrafiltration. This study’s goals were to enhance ...