A major role of lobster integument is protection from microbes. Calcite and amorphous calcium carbonate are the most abundant and most acid vulnerable of the cuticle minerals. We propose that calcite is invested in neutralizing an acidifying environment modulated by the epicuticle. A minor cuticle component is carbonate apatite (CAP), proposed to play critical roles in the integument!s structur...

Carbonate apatite (CO₃Ap) block, which is a bone replacement used to repair defects, was fabricated through a dissolution-precipitation reaction using a calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) block as a precursor. When the DCPD block was immersed in NaHCO₃ or Na₂CO₃ solution at 80 °C, DCPD converted to CO₃Ap within 3 days. β-Tricalcium phosphate was formed as an intermediate phase, and it ...

in this work, we report the effect of biopolymers (starch and gelatin) on in vitro biocompatibility property of nano hydroxyapatite (nhap) composites. cell culture and mtt assays were performed for in vitro biocompatibility. they show that nhap can affect the proliferation of cells and the nhap-starch and nhap-gelatin biocomposites have no negative effect on the cell morphology, viability and p...

BACKGROUND Collagen is regarded as one of the most useful biomaterials. We tried to combine collagen and carbonate apatite (CA) with some cytokines in order to enhance bone formation ability. In this study, we found that CA-collagen sponge (CA-CS) was a possible candidate of newly graft material for bone formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS CA-CS was fabricated by the following procedure. One wt%...

Polylactic acid (PLA) has no osteoconductivity, causing the early failure of PLA implants. For obviating this problem, coating, rather than incorporation, with calcium phosphate is considered to be effective. In study, plates were coated granular carbonate apatite (CAp), inorganic component bone, using thermal fusion bonding method. The water contact angles CAp-coated (CAp/PLA) and 0.7° ± 0.1° ...