this study was conducted to determine in vitro crude protein degradation (ivdp) parameters and effective crude protein degradability (epd) of various feeds using the modified in vitro gas production (gp) technique. feed samples were alfalfa hay, soybean meal, soybean, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal and fish meal. rumen fluid was collected before the morning feeding from four rumen fistulated lam...

conclusions the results indicated that the model, compared with other models, was user-friendly and the desired results were obtained by a minimal data. materials and methods the current paper developed a process model. first, a sketch of nitrate and ammonia storage, their specifications and parameters were set out and created on a page, and then, mathematical relations of each process were set...

Excessive amounts of ammonia are known to inhibit exoelectrogenic activities in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). However, the threshold ammonia concentration that triggers toxic effects is not consistent among literature papers, indicating that ammonia inhibition can be affected by other operational factors. Here, we examined the effect of substrate concentration and feed frequency on the capacity ...

The storage and handling of animal wastes is one of the main sources of ammonia gas emissions. Ammonia gas has a distinct, unpleasant odor and can become detrimental to the health of humans and animals at high concentrations. Ammonia emissions are of particular concern in manure drying systems, where large losses of nitrogen, in the form of ammonia can cause air quality concerns. The aim of thi...

Capturing ammonia from anaerobically digested manure could simultaneously decrease the adverse effects of ammonia inhibition on biogas production, reduce reactive nitrogen (N) loss to the environment, and produce mineral N fertilizer as a by-product. In this study, gas permeable membranes (GPM) were used to capture ammonia from dairy manure and digestate by the diffusion of gaseous ammonia acro...

Ammonia losses during swine wastewater treatment were examined using single- and two-chambered microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Ammonia removal was 60% over 5 days for a single-chamber MFC with the cathode exposed to air (air-cathode), versus 69% over 13 days from the anode chamber in a two-chamber MFC with a ferricyanide catholyte. In both types of systems, ammonia losses were accelerated with ele...

A completely randomized experimental design was conducted to estimate ammonia excretion rate by red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) during different stages of its growth in recirculating water system units typically designed to meet the experiment purposes. Eight weight groups each containing 75individuals of 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 120, 180 and 200g average weight were considered as treatments in duplic...

We modified the Hyland Ammonia kit for plasma to measure blood ammonia from which the erythrocyte ammonia is calculated. Our modified method gave good recoveries and its precision based on replicate assays was excellent (CV less than 3.0%). The within-day and day-to-day precision was determined from pooled blood and aqueous ammonia solution respectively. The precision calculated from duplicate ...

Unplanned releases of ammonia lead more often to evacuation and injury than releases of other chemicals, but few studies have systematically investigated ammonia releases. We analyzed Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance system data for 1993-1998. Evacuation of a total of at least 40,680 persons resulted from 537 ammonia releases, and 248 ammonia releases led to injury of 1434 per...

Organic Field Effect Transistors (OFETs) are used to measure ammonia in solution via ammonia diffusion into the OFET channel. An increase in ammonia concentrations results in a decrease in transistor currents. The regeneration of the OFET current after ammonia uptake is slow, which allows us to read out the maximum ammonia dose which was applied. A 100 nm parylene-C layer serves as a semipermea...