A new dominant mutation in the laboratory mouse, hypophosphatemia (gene symbol Hyp), has been identified. The Hyp gene is located on the X-chromosome and maps at the distal end. Mutant mice are characterized by hypophosphatemia, bone changes resembling rickets, diminished bone ash, dwarfism, and high fractional excretion of phosphate anion (low net tubular reabsorption). Phosphate supplementati...

X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) is a dominant disorder characterized by hypophosphatemia due to impaired renal tubular reabsorption of inorganic phosphate. Cardinal manifestations include defective calcification of cartilage and bone, growth retardation and resistance to phosphorus and vitamin D therapy. Although secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is a common complication of treatment,...

Bill Anderson Escobar et al.’s discussion of medically unexplained physical symptoms is useful, and could trigger a renewal of how the medical profession works [1]. We are in transition at the present, and what we have been trained for is less and less relevant. This disjunction between our training and practise has given rise to a generation of unhappy doctors. The traditional “doctor” dealt w...

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen primarily associated with hospital-acquired infections. The recent increase in incidence, largely associated with infected combat troops returning from conflict zones, coupled with a dramatic increase in the incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, has significantly raised the profile of this emerging opportunistic pathogen. ...

Abstract Objectives X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) is a congenital fibroblast growth factor (FGF)23-related metabolic bone disease that treated with active vitamin D and phosphate as conventional therapies. Complications of these therapies include nephrocalcinosis (NC) caused by excessive urine calcium concentrations. Recently, an anti-FGF23 antibody, burosumab, was developed reported ...

The aim of this study was to find out the ideal cut-off level of phosphate for safe healing when deformity correction and concomitant lengthening are indicated in the two different skeletal maturity groups of patients with rickets. Thirty-nine hypophosphatemic rickets patients were selected for the study and were divided into two groups: 27 skeletally immature (group IM) and 12 skeletally matur...

Since phosphate is indispensable for skeletal mineralization, chronic hypophosphatemia causes rickets and osteomalacia. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which mainly produced by osteocytes in bone, functions as the central regulator of metabolism increasing renal excretion suppressing production 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. The excessive action FGF23 results hypophosphatemic diseases, include a...

BACKGROUND Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a major public threat in countries of the former Soviet Union, including Georgia. There are few studies of pediatric DR-TB cases, especially at a national level. OBJECTIVE To report the characteristics and treatment outcomes of pediatric multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) cases in Georgia. METHODS We extracted data on all pediatric (age <16 yea...