The iron mass in galaxy clusters is about 6 times larger than could have been produced by core-collapse SNe, assuming the stars in cluster galaxies formed with a standard IMF. Type-Ia SNe have been proposed as the alternative dominant iron source. We use our HST measurements of the cluster SN-Ia rate at high redshift to study the cluster iron enrichment scenario. The measurements can constrain ...

Over the past decades, Information Access (IA) tasks have evolved and diversified. For example, in the mid20th century, Information Retrieval (IR) was about set retrieval for libraries; then with the advent of the digital information overload era, ranked retrieval became a necessity; now in the 21st century, we are experiencing richer forms of IR such as diversified Web search in order to satis...

IA-1 is a novel cDNA originally isolated from a human insulinoma subtraction library (ISL-153). It encodes a protein containing both a zinc finger DNA-binding domain and a putative prohormone domain. IA-1 transcripts have been found thus far only in tumors of neuroendocrine origin. Clinical studies have shown that IA-1 is a sensitive marker for neuroendocrine differentiation of human lung tumor...

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to assess the usefulness of transperineal ultrasonography (US) for the determination of imperforate anus (IA) type. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January 2000 to December 2004, 46 of 193 patients with an IA underwent transperineal US prior to corrective surgery. Sonographic findings were reviewed to identify the presence of internal fistulas and to determine "di...

The initiation of many antigen-specific, T-dependent immune responses requires the participation of accessory cells that express Ia antigens (1, 2). Recent evidence indicates that the Ia antigen expression of macrophages, a principle class of accessory cells, is regulated by lymphokines: Ste inman et al. (3) have reported that culture supernatants of Trypanosoma cruzi-activated spleen cells enh...

The midgut proteinases from a Bacillus thuringiensis-susceptible (IA-S) and four laboratory-selected resistant strains (KS-SC, KS-NE, IA-1, and IA-3) of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) were characterized using three synthetic substrates, Na-benzoyl-L-arginine p-nitroanilide (BApNA) for trypsin-like, Nsuccinyl-ala-ala-pro-phe p-nitroanilide (SAAPFpNA) for chymotrypsin-like, and N-succin...

OBJECTIVE To study the extent of Internet addiction (IA) and its association with depression in Thai medical students. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital. Participants were first- to fifth-year medical students who agreed to participate in this study. Demographic characteristics and stress-related factors were derived from self-rated que...

The initiation of many antigen-specific, T-dependent immune responses requires the participation of accessory cells that express Ia antigens (1, 2). Recent evidence indicates that the Ia antigen expression of macrophages, a principle class of accessory cells, is regulated by lymphokines: Ste inman et al. (3) have reported that culture supernatants of Trypanosoma cruzi-activated spleen cells enh...

BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (TID) is characterized by a loss of pancreatic islet beta cell function resulting in loss of insulin production. Genetic and environmental factors may trigger immune responses targeting beta cells thus generating islet antibodies (IA). Immune response pathways involve a cascade of events, initiated by cytokines and chemokines, producing inflammation which can result i...