The Brazilian phosphate fertilizer is obtained by wet reaction of igneous phosphate rock with concentrated sulphuric acid, giving as final product, phosphoric acid and dehydrated calcium sulphate (phosphogypsum) as by-products. Phosphoric acid is the starting material for triple superphosphate (TSP), single superphosphate (SSP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP). The p...

Compositional fields for spinels from a wide variety of mafic– a wide range of conditions from mafic and ultramafic ultramafic igneous rock types and tectonic environments have been magmas and, in the case of chromites, are often among determined from a global database of over 26 000 analyses. the first phases to crystallize. They also exhibit a wide These fields are defined using contoured dat...

ABSTRACT Igneous rock forming minerals carry valuable information from the deep earth that is not directly accessible at surface. Each mineral represents physico-chemical conditions which various magmatic processes have occured over a wide range of depths upper mantle to shallow crustal levels. These are cryptically inscribed in whole-rock and compositions (e.g. major elements, trace elements i...

The composition of igneous rocks in the continental crust has changed throughout Earth's history. However, the impact of these compositional variations on chemical weathering, and by extension on seawater and atmosphere evolution, is largely unknown. We use the strontium isotope ratio in seawater [(87Sr/86Sr)seawater] as a proxy for chemical weathering, and we test the sensitivity of (87Sr/86Sr...

A microbe is an organism that has all it needs for a complete life cycle in one single cell. Many microbial species may under appropriate circumstances form multi-cellular structures, sometimes with morphological and metabolic differentiations between the different cells making up a bio-structure. Growth by cell division is the most common way of microbe propagation. The microbes outnumber mult...

A 72-hour aquifer test was conducted to investigate the yield and interconnectivity of deep fracture systems in the City of Conyers, Rockdale County, Georgia. Wells tapping the deep fracture systems in the underlying igneous and metamorphic crystalline rock have yields ranging from 100 to 350 gallons per minute and can be pumped on a continuous basis. During the test, drawdown in excess of 30 f...