IRS-1 (insulin receptor substrate-1) is a major substrate for the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. After phosphorylation by the insulin receptor, IRS-1 binds to the specific molecules which possess SH2 (src homology 2) domain such as 85 kDa subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and may mediate insulin signals. The regulation of IRS-1 has been analyzed in animal models of insulin resistance,...

In our previous study, significantly high expression levels of matrix-remodeling associated 5 (MXRA5) were identified in fresh-cultured colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues compared with their normal adjacent mucosa by differential secretome analysis. Whether MXRA5 is a potential serum biomarker of CRC has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between MXRA5 exp...

In 1996, the IRS created and implemented its own website—irs.gov—to allow taxpayers easy access to IRS information and resources at their own convenience. Since the site’s inception, the IRS has relied on web analytics to assess the site’s usefulness and to make improvements to enhance the customers’ experiences and satisfaction. Serving customers and improving customer satisfaction within the ...

The insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2) protein is one of the major insulinsignaling substrates. In the present study, we investigated the role of IRS-2 in skin epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Even though skin is not a classical insulin target tissue, we have previously demonstrated that insulin, via the insulin receptor (IR), is essential for normal skin cell physiology. To id...

Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) is an adaptor protein for insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling and it is presumed associated with cancer development, progression or clinical outcome of patients harboring solid tumors. Therefore, we investigated by immunohistochemistry, the expression of IRS-1 in the tumor tissues from 94 patients who were diagnosed as stage I non-small cell lung canc...

The insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2) protein is one of the major insulin-signaling substrates. In the present study, we investigated the role of IRS-2 in skin epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Although skin is not a classical insulin target tissue, we have previously demonstrated that insulin, via the insulin receptor, is essential for normal skin cell physiology. To identify ...

OBJECTIVE To review and evaluate the place of surgical treatment in the management of rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck in children. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of patient charts from January 1, 1972, to December 31, 1998. SETTING Tertiary pediatric referral center. PATIENTS Twenty-nine consecutive children with nonorbital head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma. INTERVENTIONS Surgery, che...

PURPOSE Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most frequent soft tissue sarcoma in children. We have retrospectively explored the treatment results of childhood RMS and identified prognostic factors in multicenter in China, in order to lay the foundation for further multicenter study. METHODS This retrospective study was carried out analyzing the medical records of 161 patients with the pathological ...

OBJECTIVE Angiotensin II has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the vascular complications of insulin resistance. Recently, serine phosphorylation and degradation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) were shown to inhibit Akt activation and reduce glucose uptake. Therefore, we examined the effects of chronic angiotensin II treatment on IRS-1 phosphorylation and protein expression in vasc...