Introduction. A description is given of the principle followed in the experimental determination of the ionisation of egg albumin, its capacity to combine with acids and bases. Egg albumin is regarded as an ampholyte, and in accordance with J. N. Brønsted's definition of acids and bases, ampholytes are considered as substances capable of both taking up and giving off hydrogen ions. The theoreti...

We have used the ionisation equilibrium equation to derive the electron density in in-terstellar clouds in the direction to 13 stars. A linear relation was found, that allows the determination of the electron density from the Mg I and Mg II column densities in interstel-lar medium. The comparison of normalised equivalent width of 12 DIBs with the electron density shows that the DIBs equivalent ...

Context. Shocks are a universal feature of warm plasma environments, such as the lower solar atmosphere and molecular clouds, which consist both ionised neutral species. Including partial ionisation leads to existence finite width for shocks, where species decouple recouple. As such, drift velocities exist within shock that lead frictional heating between two species, in addition adiabatic temp...

Capacitive de-ionisation is emerging as a viable technology for water desalination. The technique based on electrochemical fundamentals: it rests the potential-dependent adsorption of ions within pores high surface area electrode materials. process normally capacitive, although Faradaic approaches have been reported recently. Most rapidly expanding literature this topic focusses material scienc...