in this article, real exchange rate behavior and its effects on macroeconomic variables are studied by explaining two models; impulse function and forecasting predicted error decomposition. studies show that high artificial currency value has caused domestic and foreign accounts equilibrium disturbance and foreign income decrease due to the slackening of commercial and agricultural activities, ...

South African agriculture has the potential to stimulate growth in other economic sectors, but dwindling budgetary allocations over time and nature of impacting factors on value agricultural production have not received much attention recent times. Therefore, present study examined effects government expenditure agriculture, annual average rainfall, consumer price index, food import value, popu...

Employing the dataset of WTI oil spot price and stock price index in China Brazil, India, US, German, France, UK and Japan, this paper obtains five subinterval of whole sample range through a nonparametric multiple change point algorithms. Furthermore, it analyses dependence between oil spot price and stock price index through copula model and computes the value of VaR and ES based on simulatio...

Price indices are constructed to represent a population by using a sample of household expenditure information as weights. This expenditure information must be aggregated across households. In most cases, including the U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPI), the aggregation method used corresponds to a plutocratic index. Other types of aggregation, such as the democratic index, are also possible, and,...

Legislation enacted in 1972 introduced an automatic benefit increase provision into the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program of the United States.’ Present law calls for the adjustment of benefits for those already on the rolls to keep pace with inflation whenever the Consumer Price Index (CPI) rises by 3 percent or more from the first quarter of one year to the first qu...

The practice of making hedonic-based price adjustments to remove the effects of quality changes in goods and services that enter into the calculation of the U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPI) has to date focused primarily on indexes for consumer electronics, appliances, housing, and apparel. In an effort to expand the use of hedonic adjustments to a service-oriented area of the CPI, this article i...

Although scanner price quotes and expenditures have great promise in improving the Consumer Price Index (CPI), their use has introduced new problems. One major problem confronting the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) is the treatment of an item that experiences no purchases during a particular time period. Either a price can be explicitly imputed for this item or it can be implicitly imputed by...