Bivalves frequently withstand shell damage that must be quickly repaired to ensure survival. While the processes underlie larval development have been extensively studied within context of ocean acidification (OA), it remains unclear whether repair is impacted by elevated pCO2. To better understand stereotypical process, we monitored mussels (Mytilus edulis) with sublethal breached mantle cavit...

Convection is usually parameterized in global climate models, and there are often large discrepancies between results obtained with different convection schemes. Conventional methods of comparing schemes using observational cases or directly three-dimensional (3D) models do not always clearly identify parameterization strengths weaknesses. In this paper we evaluate the response parameterization...